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Anatomy Test Block IV > Leg, ankle foot > Flashcards

Leg, ankle foot Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts to a long bone?

A

epiphysis: end
metaphysis: neck
diaphysis: shaft

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2
Q

medial malleolus is formed by what bone?

A

tibia

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3
Q

lateral malleolus is formed by what bone?

A

fibula

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4
Q

What is the only let bone that participates at the knee ?

A

tibia (both participate at ankle)

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5
Q

What forms the hinge joint of the ankle?

A

the talus and the tibia / fibula

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6
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of leg?

A

tibialis anterior; extensor hallucis longus; extensor digitorum longus; fibularis tertius

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7
Q

What are the n and a of the anterior compartment?

A

deep fibular n. and anterior tibial a.

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8
Q

tibialis anterior action

A

dorsiflexion and inverts foot slightly

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9
Q

What muscle does fibularis tertius come off of?

A

extensor digitorum longus (everts foot)

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10
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment?

A

fibularis brevis and fibularis longus

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11
Q

action of the lateral compartment muscles

A

platarflexion and main everters of foot

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12
Q

Where do the tendons of fibularis brevis and longus run?

A

behind the lateral malleolus

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13
Q

n and a of the lateral compartment

A

superficial fibular n and fibular a.

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14
Q

Where does fibularis brevis attach?

A

base of 5th metatarsal

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15
Q

Jones fx

A

avulsion by fibularis brevis of the base of the 5th metatarsal; happens from landing from height and foot invertnig violently; not well vacularized can get nonunion

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16
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior compartment?

A

tibialis posterior; flexor digitorum longus; flexor hallucis longs; soleus; gastrocnemius (tendon of plantaris)

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17
Q

What makes upthe achillies tendon?

A

soleus and gastrocnemius (both plantar flexors)

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18
Q

attachment of plantaris

A

from back of popliteal fossa to the calcaneous (runs beside achileles but not part of it)

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19
Q

If there is a painful tear in the posterior compartment but no loss in strength of plantarflexion, what is likely the cause

A

rupture of the plantaris tendon

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20
Q

n and a of the posterior compartment

A

tibial n. and posterior tibial a

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21
Q

Gastrocnemius contains what kind of muscle fibers?

A

fast twitch fibers for quick contractions

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22
Q

soleus muscle contains what kind of fibers?

A

slower twictch fibers for maintenance of posture

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23
Q

Where do the tendons of flexor digitorm longus and flexor hallucis longus cross?

A

below the medial malleolus

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24
Q

Where do the tibial n. and posterior tibial a. run in the deep posterior compartment?

A

to the medial malleolus

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25
Q

Order of tendons behind medial malleolus from malleolus to calcaneous

A

tibialis posterior; flexor digitorum longus; (posterior tibial a. and tibial n.) flexor hallucis longus

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26
Q

Where can you palate peripheral arterial pulses in the ankle?

A

the posterior tibial pulse is behind medial malleolus

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27
Q

What is the most commonly injured n?

A

common fibular (at fibular neck)

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28
Q

injury to the common fibular n will cause what?

A

foot drop

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29
Q

tibial n. branches into what?

A

media and lateral plantar nerves

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30
Q

common fibular n divides into what?

A

superifical fibular: lateral compartment

deep fibular: anterior compartment and EDB EHB

31
Q

nerve distribution to the foot

A

tirangle b/w great and 1st toes: deep fibular
lateral top of foot: superifical fib
Dorsum: plantar branches of tibial

32
Q

What is the blood supply to the leg?

A

popliteal a. gives off anterior tibial branch that goes through the top of interosseus. popliteal branches into posterior tibial and fibular a.

33
Q

Where do the arteries of the leg cross?

A

the flexor surface of joints

34
Q

saphenous veins of the leg

A

w/i the subQ tissue; will drain into deep veins;

35
Q

What is the ligament that is always ruptured in an ankle sprain?

A

anterior talofibular ligament; weakest part of ankle is when foot is plantar flexed

36
Q

ligament on the medial side of ankle

A

deltoid ligament; broad and strong

37
Q

you ____ ligaments and ____ muscles/tendons

A

you sprain ligaments and strain muscles/tendons

38
Q

What are signs you need to xray a sprained ankle?

A

eccomosis ABOVE malleolus ; tapping on malleolus

39
Q

What type of injury would cause a fx of both the lateral and medial malleoli?

A

linemen; someone rolls up on someones ankle

40
Q

pott fx

A

dislocation of ankle; not super common

41
Q

what bone of the foot can undergo avascular necrosis?

A

navicular bone

42
Q

Which arch of the foot is higher?

A

medial arch

43
Q

what is the keystone of the medial arch that keeps the arch up?

A

head of talus

44
Q

what ligament supports the head of the talus

A

spring ligament

45
Q

spring ligament aka

A

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament; a passive support

46
Q

passive vs dynamic support

A

dynamic: tendons of long muscles that go under the malleoli - unless contracting they don’t support the arch
passive: ligaments are in place

47
Q

What tendons/ ligaments are related to the sustentaculum tali?

A

the tendon of FHL runs behind it and the spring ligament attaches to it

48
Q

How many muscle layers are in the foot?

A

4

49
Q

describe the blood supply in the foot from the anterior tibial a.

A

once it crosses the ankle mortice it becomes dorsalis pedis; the other arterial pulse you can feel

50
Q

What is the blood supply communication in the foot?

A

the anterior tibial gives off arcuate artery with communicates w/ the posterior tibial artery in the bottom of foot

51
Q

The dorsum of the foot gives rise to what vein?

A

great saphenous

52
Q

where does the small saphenous vein arise from?

A

lateral surface of the foot

53
Q

shin splints

A

medial tibial stress syndrome; micro tears/stretching of connections of tendon to bone - too much too fast; the tibalis ant. origin on the tibia; due to exercise w/o warming up

54
Q

ruptured achilles tendon

A

soleus and gastrocs are a knot at top of calf; can’t plantar flex;

55
Q

rupture of plantaris tendon

A

would have no decrease in strength

56
Q

osgood schlatter’s

A

tibial tuberosity separates from the epiphseal plate and can fragment which produces tenderness in knee extension;

57
Q

What are the tell tale signs of DVT

A

swelling due to decrease venous return (no swelling in arterial occlusion)so measure to test for same circumference in calf; does not effect pulses

58
Q

pitting edema

A

fluid in extravascular space - different then lymphodema which doesn’t pit; measure how deep pit goes

59
Q

valgus

A

goes in

60
Q

varus

A

goes out

61
Q

bunion

A

caused by hallux valgus where great toe moves laterally at MP joint

62
Q

fx of shaft of 5th metatarsal

A

NOT jones fx b/c fx of the diaphysis

63
Q

What tendon pulls causing hammer toe

A

extensor tendon

64
Q

what causes a flat foot print?

A

head of talus falls = flat foot aka pes planus

65
Q

onychomycosis

A

trichophyton rubrum is common infecting organism; fungal infection of nails;

66
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

club feet; ususally resolve on their own

67
Q

morton’s neuroma

A

get stabbing pain right at front of foot b/w toes while walking but don’t find anything on foot; the plantar nerves form a neuroma (tumor of nerve sheath)

68
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammatory process of the plantar aponeurosis; painful in the morning until it gets stretched out

69
Q

heel spurs

A

aka calcaneal spurs; when a tendon is used excessively it can calcify

70
Q

plantar aka seed warts

A

virus that develops into adulthood; have to cut out

71
Q

gout

A

aka podagra; disease of purine metabolism - crystalized uric acid in joints - usually the MP joint of great toe

72
Q

lisfranc fx

A

generalized fx of the midfoot; usually involves object landing on foot or car running over

73
Q

trimalleolar fx

A

traumatic fx of the medial and lateral malleoli as well as the artificial posterior malleolus

Anatomy Test Block IV (5 decks)

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