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Anatomy Test Block IV > Anal and Urogenital Triangles > Flashcards

Anal and Urogenital Triangles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterior defect in the pelvic diaphragm?

A

perineum

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2
Q

Superficial fascia of abdomen (campers and scarpa) continue as what?

A

dartos: superficial fascia of penis/scrotum
colles: superficial fascia of perineum

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3
Q

The deep dorsal v. drains where?

A

toward the prostatic plexus

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4
Q

Where does the superficial fascia attach?

A

perineal body

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5
Q

If an accident involved someone getting racked or a low seatbelt compression - what could be the resulting injury?

A

fx of corpus spongiosum w/ blood deep to all of the superficial fascias

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6
Q

The pudendal canal is formed by fascia of what?

A

obturator internus muscle

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7
Q

What is contained w/i the deep space?

A

UG diaphragm

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8
Q

external genitalia for males and females arise from where? and attach where?

A

Arise from the superficial space and attach to the perineal membrane

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9
Q

What runs w/i the pudendal canal?

A

pudendal n. and internal pudendal a. and v.

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10
Q

corpus cavernosum is surrounded by what muscle?

A

ischocavernosus

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11
Q

corpus spongiosum is surrounded by what muscle?

A

bulbospongiosus

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12
Q

Where is the urethra?

A

w/i the corpus spongiosum

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13
Q

What will give rise to the erectile parts of he clitoris?

A

corpus cavernosum and ischiocavernosus muscle

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14
Q

What is the difference in the erectile tissues originating in the superficial space b/w males and females?

A

the corpus spongiosum/bulbospongiosus is w/i the labia majora so it is divided into two - whereas in males it is one bulb

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15
Q

What is significant about the corpus spongiosum/bulbospongiosus in postmenopausal females?

A

it is not easy to find b/c it is estrogen dependent

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16
Q

What is the muscle of the deep space?

A

deep transverse perineus muscle

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17
Q

What muscle makes up the external urethral sphincter?

A

sphincter urethrae (somatic)

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18
Q

Bartholin’s gland

A

opening of glands into vagina - can get infected, big and painful usually MRSA and unilateral.

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19
Q

What makes up the UG diaphragm?

A

deep transverse perineal m. (deep space)

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20
Q

The defect in the UG diaphragm allows for what?

A

VANs to get to penis or vagina (deep v. of penis or clitoris)

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21
Q

What is the other name for the ischocavernosus/corpus cavernosum ?

A

crura

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22
Q

If there was an anomoly during formation of the urethra/vagina and you don’t find the urethra b/w the ciltoris and vaginal opening, where will it be?

A

anterior vaginal wall - would need to cath from there

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23
Q

The dorsal n. of the penis and dorsal n. of clitorus are a termination of what n.?

A

pudendal

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24
Q

What causes erection?

A

increase of venous drainage from the organ not from increase of arterial blood to organ

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25
Q

How does the deep dorsal v of the penis drain?

A

goes through gap in UG diaphragm, into puboprostatic plexus then into intenral ilac v.

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26
Q

What gives sensation from the external genitalia?

A

deep dorsal n. of the penis / deep dorsal n. of clitoris

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27
Q

What is the transition b/w autonomics and somatics in the anal canal?

A

pectinate line

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28
Q

white line

A

separation b/w keratinized and non keratinized skin - all somatic

29
Q

the internal anal sphincter is what type of muscle?

A

smooth

30
Q

the external anal sphincter is what type of muscle?

A

skeletal

31
Q

sensation to the anus is through what n. ?

A

pudendal

32
Q

pain from external hemorrhoids would be from what n. ?

A

pudendal

33
Q

What do the rectal arteries branch from?

A

inferior rectal a: pudendal a.
middle rectal: internal iliac
superior rectal: inf. mes

34
Q

What n. supplies the scrotum and bulb of penis/ labia majora?

A

superificial perinal n

35
Q

deep perineal n.

A

goes deep to UG diphragm and enters pudendal canal to come out as dorsal n. of penis / clitoris

36
Q

any somatic sensory touching perianal region, perineum, scrotal region, clitoris, etc is all what n?

A

pudendal

37
Q

Can you have an errection w/o stimulation to pudendal n. ?

A

yes. errection is parasympathetics and ejaculation is sympathetics

38
Q

Contents of the pudendal canal

A

pudendal n. (S2-4); internal pudenda a and v

39
Q

Where is the pudendal canal located?

A

lateral wall of ischoanal fossa

40
Q

What are the 3 things located in the deep space?

A

deep transverse perineal muscle; sphincter urethrae; bulbourethral gland in males

41
Q

bulbourethral gland

A

w/i muscle of deep transverse perineal (UG diaphragm) and contributes lubrication secretiosn to urethra

42
Q

where in the urethra is the opening of the bulbourethral gland?

A

spongy urethra

43
Q

ejaculatory ducts are located where?

A

prostatic urethra

44
Q

if shot in the perineum, how would the bullet travel?

A

bulbospongiosus muscle, through bulb of penis, through perineal membrane, then deep transverse perineus muscle then prostate then bladder

45
Q

What anchors the penis to the pubic ramus?

A

suspensory ligament of penis (arises from deep fascia)

46
Q

deep fascia of the penis

A

bucks fascia

47
Q

What structures are deep to buck’s fascia

A

deep dorsal VANs.

48
Q

What fascia is deep to bucks fascia?

A

tunica albuginea (what scleroses in peyronie’s disease)

49
Q

Where do the superficial veins of the penis drain?

A

inguinal

50
Q

explain the route of sperm

A

it is made in the seminiferous tubules then travels to rete testis, through efferent ductules into head of epididymis then body, tail and into vas deferens

51
Q

What is the condition indicated by blue dot sign?

A

appendix epididymis torsion; can become gangrenous and painful

52
Q

what does the ductus deferens do just before it joins the seminal vesicle?

A

widen into ampulla

53
Q

vestible

A

general opening of vagina

54
Q

the hood of glans clitoris is formed by what?

A

labia minora

55
Q

What are the glands that open into the vesibule?

A

skene’s glands: lubrication aid - dont get infecetd

vestubular glnds: lubrication - get dry after menopause b/c estrogen dependent

56
Q

What does female erectile tissue arise from?

A

only the crura - no corpus spongiosum

57
Q

phimosis

A

in uncircumsized males where foreskin scleroses down and cant retract - have to do circ

58
Q

barholin’s cyst

A

bartholin’s cyst infection; may tx w/ marsupialization: rake out the patch where abcess was

59
Q

herpes balanitis

A

infection of glans penis caused by herpes; will produce lympadanopothy in inguinal region

60
Q

What supplies autonomics to the prostate/cervix?

A

hypogastric n to the ganlgionated plexus beside either prostate or cervix

61
Q

Sympathetics to urogenitals

A

sacral and lumbar splanchnics - synapse at ganglionated plexus by prostate/cervix then go to bladder or reproductive organs

62
Q

What is one of the most common side effects of prostatectomy

A

impotence (from dinging the nerves

63
Q

prolapse of uterus is caused by what

A

lax cardinal ligament

64
Q

cystocele

A

prolapsed bladder

65
Q

rectocele

A

rectum pushes in from the back

66
Q

prolapsed rectum

A

rectum everts out the anus

67
Q

rectovaginal fistula

A

abnormal communication b/w vagina and rectum

68
Q

What happens if you cut the pudendal n. ?

A

lose somatic senation to genitalia

Anatomy Test Block IV (5 decks)

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