Leg, Ankle & Foot

Question 1

3 Groups of bones

Answer 1

Tarsal bones
Metatarsal bones
The Phalanges

Question 2

How many joints & bones are in the ankle & foot

Answer 2

26 bones & 33 joints

Question 3

How many tarsal bones

Answer 3

7 bones

Question 4

Distal group of Tarsal bones

Answer 4

1-3) Medial, Intermediate, Lateral Cuneiforms
4) Cuboid

Question 5

Proximal group of tarsal bones

Answer 5

1) Talus
- articulates above with the tibia & fibula (ankle joint) & navicular bone on the medial side of the foot
2) Calcaneus
- anteriorly articulates with the cuboid

Question 6

How does the calcaneus articulate with talus

Answer 6

-In three areas
1) Anterior Talar articular surface
2) Middle talar articular surface
3) Posterior talar articular surface

Question 7

Navicular bone

Answer 7

• Intermediate tarsal bone
  Serves as an attachment for the Tibialis posterior tendon

Question 8

Fibular Trochlea of the calcaneus

Answer 8

Separates Fibularis BREVIS passes superiority & the Fibularis LONGUS passes inferiorly

Question 9

How many metatarsals

Answer 9

5
METATARSAL 1= SESAMOID BONES (on plantar surface) —> use for toe off leverage

Question 10

“True ankle joint”

Answer 10

-Tibia
- Fibula
-Talus

Question 11

Ankle joint complex

Answer 11

*ankle joint
*sub-talar joint (talocalcaneal joint)

Question 12

Major ligaments of the ankle

Answer 12

1) Deltoid (medial ligaments)
- attached to the medial mallelous
- stabilizes

2) Lateral ligaments
- Posterior talofibular ligament
- Anterior talofibular ligament
- Calcaneofibular ligament

Question 13

Popliteal Fossa

Answer 13

*Popliteal artery & Vein
*Tibial & common Fibular nerves

Question 14

Small saphenous

Answer 14

Lateral anterior compartment

Question 15

Great saphenous

Answer 15

Medial Anterior compartment

Question 16

Bones of leg

Answer 16

1) Tibia
-supports most of the body weight
2) Fibula
- attachment of muscles & provides stability to ankle

*connected by INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE

Question 17

Anterior compartment actions

Answer 17

-Dorsiflexion
-Inversion & Eversion

Question 18

Posterior compartment (Superficial & Deep) actions

Answer 18

-plantar flexion

Question 19

Lateral Compartment action

Answer 19

*Eversion
*Plantar Flexion

Question 20

What surrounds the lower leg (anterior/medial/lateral compartments)

Answer 20

Crural Fascia

Question 21

Anterior compartment

Answer 21

*Tibialis Anteiror
*Extensor Hallucis longus
*Extensor Digitorum longus
*Fibularis tertius

Question 22

INNERVATION & ACTION of Anterior Compartment

Answer 22

Innervation: Deep Fibular nerve
Action: Dorsiflexion/inversion & Eversion

Question 23

Lateral Compartment INNERVATION & ACTIONS

Answer 23

INNERVATION: Superficial Fibular nerve
ACTIONS: Eversion & weakplantar flexion

Question 24

LATERAL-COMPARTMENT

Answer 24

*Fibularis longus
*Fibularis BREVIS

Question 25

SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT

Answer 25

1)Gastrocnemius 2)Soleus 3)Plantaris Action= plantar flexion of ankle & flexion of knee

Question 26

Gastrocnemius, Soleus & Plantaris form

Answer 26

Triceps surae muscle -inserts on Achilles tendon

Question 27

Deep posterior compartment & ACTIONS

Answer 27

1)Popliteus 2)Flexor digitorum longus 3)Flexor halluces longus (more lateral on posterior lower leg) 4)Tibialis Posterior (ACTION= Inversion of foot) ACTION FOR ALL= plantar flexion, flexion of digits, Lateral rotation of knee

Question 28

Deep posterior compartment Innervation

Answer 28

Tibial Nerve

Question 29

In the lower leg Tibial nerve gives rise to

Answer 29

*the sural cutaneous nerve *medial calcaneal nerve

Question 30

Common Fibular nerve divides into

Answer 30

Origin: head & neck of fibula 1)Superficial Fibular nerve (Lateral compartment) 2) Deep Fibular nerve (Anterior compartment)

Question 31

Deep Fibular nerve

Answer 31

Medial of the Dorsalis pedis artery

Question 32

Blood supply for DEEP REGIONS OF lower leg

Answer 32

Anterior tibial artery —> Anterior Compartment Posterior tibial artery —> Posterior Compartment

Question 33

MAJOR BLOOD SUPPLY TO LEG & FOOT

Answer 33

Popliteal artery (continuation of femoral artery) - enters posterior compartment from popliteal fossa

Question 34

Posterior tibial artery 2 branches

Answer 34

1) Circumflex Fibular artery 2) Fibular artery

Question 35

Popliteus

Answer 35

Innervation= Tibial nerve (L4-S1) Close chain= Lateral rotates femur (Unlocks knee) Open chain= Medially rotates the tibia