Foot Flashcards
Flexor Retinaculum
*Strap-like layer of connective tissue
—> Form medial wall of Tarsal Tunnel
Tarsal tunnel
Where all DEEP posterior compartment muscle originate, Except Popliteus
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Caused by REPEATED PRESSURE in the TIBIAL NERVE
Most common causes:
*Ankle Sprain - swelling
*Inflammation
*Flat feet
Extensor Retinacula
*consists of all muscles in Anterior Compartment
—> there is SUPERIOR EXTENSOR & INFERIOR extensor retinaculum
Retinaculum Function
Aids to have muscles be mechanically functional
Fibular retinacula
Binds the tendons of FIBULARIS LONGUS & FIBULARIS BREVIS muscles
Arches (Longitudinal & Transverse)
Absorb & distributes downward forces from the body
Deep Transverse ligament
-helps align toes to the floor
Static Mechanism
Arch is kept by ligaments
Dynamic Mechanism
*Helps to maintain arch while walking & running
Plantar Aponeurosis
Thickening of deep fascia
Functions:
*Protects vessels & Innervation of foot muscles
*Serve as attachment for muscles of the foot
Plantar Aponeurosis- Clinical significance
Plantar Fasciitis:
*Plantar Aponeurosis is stretched during standing position
*Prolonged standing/walking may cause inflammation
Symptoms:
- Pain, tenderness in the sole.
*Continued episode of plantar fasciitis results in calcification in the POSTERIOR CONNECTION of Plantar Aponeurosis resulting a calcaneal spur
Dorsum of foot
1) Extensor digitorum brevis
2) Extensor hallucis brevis
1st layer of sole
1)Abductor Hallucis
- INNERVATION= Medial plantar nerve
2)Flexor digitorum brevis
- INNERVATION=Medial plantar nerve
3)Abductor digiti minimi
- INNERVATION= Lateral plantar nerve
2nd layer of sole
1)Quadratus Plantae
INNERVATION= Lateral plantar nerve
2)Lumbricals
INNERVATION= 1st= medial plantar nerve
& 2nd-4th=Lateral plantar nerve
