Hip & Thigh Flashcards
Hip joint “Major actions”
Acetabulum & Proximal end of femur
Parts of Acetabulum
1)Acetabular fossa: the center
2)ACETABULAR LABRUM: Stabilizes the head of femur
3)Lunate surface: Articulates with head of femur
4)Acetabular foramen “notch”
5)Transverse Acetabular ligament: helps the ACETABULAR LABRUM to inferiorly bridge across the Acetabular notch by the (transverse ligament)
Angle between neck & shaft (NSA)
<120 = Vara (decreased angle)
- Knees knock in (Valgus)
125= Normal
> 140 = Varsus (increased angle)
- Knees bow out (Vargas)
Ligament of the head of femur (Ligamentum teres)
- flat band of connective tissue
- attaches at one end of the fovea to the head of femur & at the other end to the Acetabular fossa, transverse ligament, & margins of the Acetabular notch
- carries a small branch of the obturator artery, which contributed to the blood supply of the head of the femur
Fibrous membrane
- Gives stability to joint
*Encloses hip joint
[Attached to the margin of the acetabulum, the transverse Acetabular ligament & the adjacent margin of the obturator foramen. Laterally attached to the intertrochanteric line on the anterior aspect of femur & to the neck of femur proximal to the intertochanteric crest on the posterior side]
Major Blood supply of hip
Medial & Lateral Circumflex arteries
- enter the joint from the neck of the femur
Fracture of the neck of femur can cause
Avascular necrosis, leading to a total hip replacement or Hemiarthroplasty
Hemiarthroplasty
Replacement of the femoral head ONLY
Total hip replacement
Replacement of the femur head & Acetabular component
3 CAPSULAR ligaments that reinforce FIBROUS MEMBRANE
*Iliofemoral (STRONGEST )
*Pubofemoral
*Ischiofemoral
*Iliofemoral (STRONGEST ) ligaments
*Pubofemoral ligaments
*Ischiofemoral ligaments
Orientation
Fibers oriented in SPIRAL around hip
- become tight in extension
Hip open-packed position
Flexion: 30 degrees
Abduction: 30degrees
Slight external rotation
Capsular ligaments
Looser when flexed 30 degrees
Become Tight in extension (standing straight)
Iliofemoral ligament
Anterior of hip joint
Pubofemoral ligament
Anteriorinferior of hip joint
Ischiofemoral ligament
Reinforces the posterior aspect of the fibrous membrane
Thigh compartments
3 compartments
1) Anterior
2) Posterior
3) Medial
* surrounded by fascia latae
Anterior compartment muscles
*VASTUS MEDIALS
*VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
*VASTUS LATERALIS
*RECTUS FEMORIS
*SARTORIUS
*ILIACUS O= ILLIAC FOSSA I=LESSER TROCHANTER OF FEMUR
*PSOAS MAJOR O= T12-L5 I=LESSER TROCHANTER OF FEMUR
HIP FLEXION & KNEE EXTENSION
Posterior compartment
*BICEPS FEMORIS
LONG HEAD O=ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
SHORT HEAD O= LINEA ASPERA
*SEMIMEMBRANOSUS O=ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
*SEMITENDINOSUS O=ISCHIAL TUBEROSITY
Extend thigh
Flex leg
Medial compartment
- PECTINEUS (MOST ANTEIOR MUSCLE OF MEDIAL COMPARTMENT)
*ADDUCTOR LONGUS
*ADDUCTOR BREVIS
*ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
*GRACILIS
Adduct thigh
Anterior compartment Innervation
Femoral nerve
(L2, L3, L4)
Medial Compartment Innervation
Obturator nerve
(L2, L3, L4)
Posterior compartment Innervation
Sciatic nerve (Tibial)
(L4,L5, S1,S2 &S3)
FEMORAL TRIANGLE
BASE=inguinal ligament
MEDIAL= adductor longus
LATERAL= sartorius
FLOOR= pectineus & adductor longus
APEX= popliteal fossa
