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Neurology - Sem 3 > Leg Anatomy > Flashcards

Leg Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 longitundinal arches of the foot?

A

Medial longitudinal arch

Lateral longitudinal arch

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2
Q

What forms the medial longitudinal arch?

A

Calcaneus

Talus

Navicular

Cuneiforms

1st 3 Metatarsals

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3
Q

What forms the lateral longitudinal arch?

A

Calcaneus

Cuboid

4th & 5th metatarsal bones

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4
Q

What forms the transverse arch of the foot?

A

Metatarsal bases

Cuboid

Cuneiform bones

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5
Q

What is the problem with high arches?

A

High medial longitudinal arch so no ability to absorb shock

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6
Q

What is the problem with flat footed people?

A

Lost longitudinal arch

Normal during infancy

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7
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior medial leg?

A

Femoral nerve

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8
Q

Which nerve supplies the anterior lateral leg?

A

Common fibular nerve

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9
Q

What supplies the dorsal surface of the foot?

A

Common fibular nerve

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10
Q

What nerve supplies the 5th metatarsal?

A

Tibial nerve

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11
Q

What supplies the anterior lateral skin of the thigh?

A

Lateral cutaenous nerve of thigh

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12
Q

Which nerve supplies the medial thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

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13
Q

What nerve supplies the middle of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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14
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior heel?

A

Tibial nerve

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15
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior lateral aspect of the leg?

A

Femoral nerve

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16
Q

Which nerve supplies the medial posterior leg?

A

Common fibular nerve

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17
Q

Which nerve supplies the middle posterior thigh?

A

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

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18
Q

Which nerve supplies the buttocks?

A

Posterior rami (L1-S3)

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19
Q

Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibialis anterior

Extensor hallucis longus

Extensor digitorum longus

Fibularis tertius

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20
Q

What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibularis brevis

Fibularis longus

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21
Q

What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Flexor digitorum longus

Tibialis posterior

Plantaris

Gastrocnemius muscle

Soleus

Flexor hallucis longus

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22
Q

What are the 4 septa found in the leg separating compartments?

A

Posterior intermuscular septum of leg

Transverse intermuscular septum

Interosseous membrane

Anterior intermuscular septum of leg

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23
Q

What is the general action of the anterior compartment of the leg?

What nerve innervates it?

A

Dorsiflexion of ankle

Deep fibular nerve - L4, L5

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24
Q

What is the general action of the lateral compartment of the leg?

What nerve innervates this compartment?

A

Eversion of foot

Superficial fibular nerve L5, S1, S2

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25
Q

What is the general action of the Posterior compartment of the leg?

What nerve innervates this compartment?

A

Plantarflexion of the ankle

Tibial nerve

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26
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Tibialis anterior?

What is its action?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia — Medial cuneiform

Dorsiflexion

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27
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Extensor digitorum longus?

What is its action?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia — Phalanges

Dorsiflexion

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28
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Extensor hallucis longus?

What is its action?

A

Anterior tibia — Base of great toe phalanx

Dorsiflexion of ankle

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29
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis tertius?

What is its action?

A

Anterior surface of fibula — Base of 5th metatarsal

Dorsiflexion

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30
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis longus?

What is its action?

A

Head of fibula — Base of 1st metatarsal

Plantarflexion

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31
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis brevis?

What is its action?

A

Lateral surface of fibula — Lateral side of 5th metatarsal

Plantarflexion

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32
Q

What is the origin and insertion of fibularis longus muscle?

What is its action?

A

Shaft of fibula — Sole of foot

Eversion of foot

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33
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis brevis muscle?

What is its action?

A

Lateral fibula — Base of 5th metatarsal

Eversion

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34
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Gastrocnemius?

What is its action?

A

Lateral condyle of femur & Medial condyle— Calcaneal tendon

Plantarflexion

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35
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Soleus?

What is its action?

A

Medial tibia — Calcaneal tendon

Plantarflexion

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36
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Plantaris?

What is its action?

A

Supracondylar ridge — Calcaneal tendon

Plantarflexion

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37
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Popliteus?

What is its action?

A

Lateral condyle of femur — Posterior surface of tibia

Weak flexion of knee

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38
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Flexor hallucis longus?

What is its action?

A

Fibula — Base of phalanx of great toe

Flexion of great toe

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39
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Flexor digitorum longus?

What is its action?

A

Medial part of posterior tibia — Base of phalanges

Flexion of 4 digits, Plantarflexion of ankle

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40
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Tibialis posterior?

What is its action?

A

Posterior surface of tibia — Navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, base of metatarsals

Plantarflexion

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41
Q

What nerve supplies Popliteus, Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, and Tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial nerve

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42
Q

What are the 3 branches of the popliteal artery?

A

Superior genicular arteries

Middle genicular arteries

Inferior genicular arteries

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43
Q

What does the popliteal artery branch of?

Where does the popliteal artery pass through?

A

Femoral artery

Popliteal fossa

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44
Q

What artery does the anterior tibial artery arise from?

What is the lower branch of the anterior tibial artery?

A

Popliteal artery

Dorsalis pedis artery

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45
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery branch from?

What is a branch of the posterior tibial artery?

A

Popliteal artery

Fibular artery

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46
Q

What 2 arteries supply the sole of the foot?

A

Medial plantar artery

Lateral plantar artery

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47
Q

What is the action of the plantar interossei?

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Adduct

Abduct

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48
Q

What muscles make up the 1st layer of the sole?

A

Abductor hallucis

Flexor digitorum brevis

Abductor digiti minimi

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49
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Abductor hallucis?

What is its action?

A

Medial calcaneus — Proximal 1st phalanx

Abduction of 1st digit

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50
Q

What is the origin and insertion of flexor digitorum brevis?

What is its action?

A

Medial calcaneus — Middle phalanges of 4 digits

Flexion of 4 digits

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51
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Abductor digiti minimi?

What is its action?

A

Medial calcaneus — Lateral 5th phalanx

Abduction and flexion of 5th toe

52
Q

What nerve supplies the layers of the sole?

A

Plantar nerve (Lateral & Medial)

53
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the 2nd layer of the sole?

A

Quadratus plantae

Lumbricals

54
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Quadratus plantae?

What is its action?

A

Plantar surface of calcaneus — Tendon of FDL

Flexion of lateral 4 digits

55
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the lumbricals?

What is its action?

A

Tendons of FDL — Medial 4th digits

Flexion of phalanges

56
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the 3rd layer of the sole?

A

Flexor hallucis brevis

Adductor halluces

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

57
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Flexor hallucis brevis?

What is its action?

A

Plantar cuboid and cuneiform — 1st digit phalanx

Flexion

58
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Adductor Hallucis?

What is its action?

A

Base of metarsals — Base of proximal phalanx

Adduction

59
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Flexor digiti minimi brevis?

What is its action?

A

Base of metatarsal 5 — proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Flexion

60
Q

What are 2 muscles in the 4th layer of the sole?

A

Plantar interossei

Dorsal interssei

61
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the Plantar interossei?

What is its action?

A

Plantar side of medial metatarsals — Medial side of base of phalanges

Adduction & Flexion of MTP joints

62
Q

What is the origin and insertion of dorsal interossei?

What is its action?

A

Sides of shaft of metatarsals — Proximal phalanx

Abduction of digits & Flexion of MTP joints

63
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis

64
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Extensor digitorum brevis?

What is its action?

What nerve supplies it?

A

Calcaneus — Extensor tendons of medial digits

Extension

Deep fibular nerve

65
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Extensor hallucis brevis?

What is its action?

What nerve innervates it?

A

Calcaneus — Base of phalanx of big toe

extension

Deep fibular nerve

66
Q

Which main artery supplies the branches for the foot?

A

Anterior tibial artery

67
Q

Which veins drain the foot?

Which main vein drains the foot?

A

Dorsal venous network

Great saphenous vein

68
Q

What are the compartments of the thigh muscles?

A

Anterior compartment

Medial compartment

Posterior compartment

69
Q

What is the action of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Flexion of the thigh

70
Q

What is the action of the medial muscles of the thigh?

A

Adduction of the thigh

71
Q

What is the action of the posterior muscles of the thigh?

A

Extension of the thigh

Lateral rotation of the thigh

72
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

73
Q

What nerve supplies the medial compartment of the thigh?

Which muscle is not supplied by this nerve?

A

Obturator nerve

Hamstring part of Adductor magnus - Tibial nerve

74
Q

Which nerve supplies the posterior thigh muscles?

What nerve supplies the short head of biceps femoris?

A

Tibial nerve except short head of biceps femoris

Common fibular nerve

75
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Pectineus?

What is its action?

A

Pubis — Femur

Flexion of thigh

76
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Illipsoas?

What is its action?

A

Iliac crest, T12-L5 vertebrae — Femur, Pectineal line

Flexion of thigh

77
Q

What 3 muscles make up iliopsoas?

A

Iliacus

Psoas major

Psoas minor

78
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Sartorius?

What is its action?

A

ASIS — Medial tibia

Flexion of thigh

79
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Quadriceps femoris?

What is its action?

A

anterior and sides of femur — Quadriceps tendon

Flexion of thigh

80
Q

What 4 muscles make up Quadriceps femoris?

A

Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis

Vastus intermedius

Vastus medialis

81
Q

What goes through the adductor hiatus?

Where do they travel to?

A

Femoral artery

Femoral vein

Popliteal fossa?

82
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Adductor longus?

What is its action?

A

Pubis — Linea aspera

Adduction

83
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Adductor brevis?

What is its action?

A

Pubis — Pectineal line

Adduction of thigh

84
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Adductor magnus (Adductor & Hamstring)

What is its action?

A

Pubis & Ischial tuberosity — Gluteal tuberosity & Adductor tubercle of femur

Adduction of thigh

85
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Gracilis?

What is its action?

A

Pubis — Medial tibia

Adduction of thigh

86
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Obturator internus?

What is its action?

A

Margin of obturator foramen — Trochanteris fossa of femur

Lateral rotation & Stabilise head of femur

87
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament

Lateral border of adductor longus

Sartorius

Iliopsoas

Fascia lata

88
Q

What does the femoral triangle contain?

A

Femoral nerve

Femoral artery

Femoral vein

Deep inguinal lymph nodes

89
Q

What are the origins of the femoral nerve?

90
Q

Where does the femoral artery branch from?

A

External iliac artery

91
Q

Where does the femoral vein drain into?

What is it a continuation of?

A

External iliac vein

Popliteal vein

92
Q

What are the 3 superficial muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus

Gluteus medius

Gluteus minimus

93
Q

What nerve supplies the Gluteus maximus?

What nerve supplies Gluteus minimus, and medius?

A

inferior gluteal nerve

Superior gluteal nerve

94
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Gluteus maximus?

What is its action?

A

Sacrum & Coccyx — gluteal tuberosity of femur

Extension of thigh

95
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Gluteus medius?

What is its action?

A

Ilium — Greater trochanter of femur

Abduction of thigh

96
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Gluteus minimus?

What is its action?

A

Ilium — Greater trochanter of femur

Abduction of thigh

97
Q

What are the 5 deep gluteal muscles?

A

Piriformis

Obturator internus

Superior gemelli

Inferior gemelli

Quadratus femoris

98
Q

What is the action of the deep gluteal muscles?

A

Lateral rotation of thigh

99
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Piriformis?

What nerve innervates it?

A

Sacrum — Greater trochanter

Nerve to piriformis

100
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Obturator internus?

What nerve innervates it?

A

Obturator membrane — Greater trochanter

Nerve to obturator internus

101
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Superior Gemelli & Inferior Gemelli?

What nerve innervates them?

A

Ischial spine — Greater trochanter

Nerve to obturator internus & Nerve to quadratus femoris

102
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Quadratus femoris?

What nerve innervates it?

A

Ischial tuberosity — Intertrochanteric crest

Nerve to quadratus femoris

103
Q

What are the 3 posterior thigh muscles?

A

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Biceps femoris

104
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Semitendinosus?

What is its action?

A

Ischial tuberosity — Superior tibia

Extension of thigh

105
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Semimembranosus?

What is its action?

A

Ischial tuberosity — Medial condyle of tibia

Extension of thigh

106
Q

What is the origin and insertion of Biceps femoris?

What is its action?

A

Ischial tuberosity & Linea aspera — Lateral head of fibula

Extension of thigh

107
Q

Which arteries supply the gluteal region?

A

Superior gluteal artery

Inferior gluteal artery

108
Q

Which 2 veins drain the gluteal region?

A

Superior gluteal vein

Inferior gluteal vein

109
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

Biceps femoris

Semimembranosus

Medial heads of gastrocnemius

110
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A

Small saphenous vein

Popliteal arteries

Tibial and common fibular nerves

Popliteal lymph nodes

111
Q

What is the joint between the femur and patella?

What is the joint between the tibia and fibula?

A

Femoropatellar joint

Tibiofibular joint

112
Q

What do the metatarsophalangeal joints join?

What do the interphalangeal joints join?

A

Metatarsals to phalanges

Phalanges

113
Q

What artery supplies the head of the femur?

A

Artery to head of femur

114
Q

What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?

What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament?

A

Prevent hyperextension of the hip joint

Prevents overabduction of the hip joint

115
Q

What are the 5 extracapsular ligaments of the knee joint?

A

Patellar ligament

Fibular collateral ligament

Tibial collateral ligament

Oblique popliteal ligament

Arcuate popliteal ligament

116
Q

What are the 2 intercapsular ligaments of the knee?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

Posterior cruciate ligament

117
Q

What is the function of the ACL?

A

Limits posterior displacement of femur on tibia

Hyperextension of knee joint

118
Q

What is the function of the PCL?

A

Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

Hyperflexion of the knee joint

119
Q

What is the function of the menisci of the knee joint?

A

Shock absorption

120
Q

What are the 6 knee bursae?

A

Suprapatellar

Popliteus

Anserine

Gastrocnemius

Semimembranosus

Infrapatellar

121
Q

What 5 arteries supply the knee joint?

A

Superior lateral genicular artery

Inferior lateral genicular artery

Middle genicular artery

Inferior medial genicular artery

Superior medial genicular artery

122
Q

What are the different ligaments attaching the talus to fibula?

A

Anterior talofibular ligament

Posterior talofibular ligament

123
Q

What attaches calcaneus to the fibula?

A

Calcaneofibular ligament

124
Q

What is the medial ligament of the ankle?

A

stabilises the ankle joint during eversion and prevents dislocation of the joint

126
Q

What are eversion and inversion?

A

Eversion - movement of the sole laterally

Inversion - movement of the sole medially

Neurology - Sem 3 (15 decks)

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