Leg Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 2 longitundinal arches of the foot?
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
What forms the medial longitudinal arch?
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuneiforms
1st 3 Metatarsals
What forms the lateral longitudinal arch?
Calcaneus
Cuboid
4th & 5th metatarsal bones
What forms the transverse arch of the foot?
Metatarsal bases
Cuboid
Cuneiform bones
What is the problem with high arches?
High medial longitudinal arch so no ability to absorb shock
What is the problem with flat footed people?
Lost longitudinal arch
Normal during infancy
Which nerve supplies the anterior medial leg?
Femoral nerve
Which nerve supplies the anterior lateral leg?
Common fibular nerve
What supplies the dorsal surface of the foot?
Common fibular nerve
What nerve supplies the 5th metatarsal?
Tibial nerve
What supplies the anterior lateral skin of the thigh?
Lateral cutaenous nerve of thigh
Which nerve supplies the medial thigh?
Obturator nerve
What nerve supplies the middle of the thigh?
Femoral nerve
Which nerve supplies the posterior heel?
Tibial nerve
Which nerve supplies the posterior lateral aspect of the leg?
Femoral nerve
Which nerve supplies the medial posterior leg?
Common fibular nerve
Which nerve supplies the middle posterior thigh?
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Which nerve supplies the buttocks?
Posterior rami (L1-S3)
Which muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallucis longus
Extensor digitorum longus
Fibularis tertius
What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis brevis
Fibularis longus
What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the leg?
Flexor digitorum longus
Tibialis posterior
Plantaris
Gastrocnemius muscle
Soleus
Flexor hallucis longus
What are the 4 septa found in the leg separating compartments?
Posterior intermuscular septum of leg
Transverse intermuscular septum
Interosseous membrane
Anterior intermuscular septum of leg
What is the general action of the anterior compartment of the leg?
What nerve innervates it?
Dorsiflexion of ankle
Deep fibular nerve - L4, L5
What is the general action of the lateral compartment of the leg?
What nerve innervates this compartment?
Eversion of foot
Superficial fibular nerve L5, S1, S2
What is the general action of the Posterior compartment of the leg?
What nerve innervates this compartment?
Plantarflexion of the ankle
Tibial nerve
What is the origin and insertion of Tibialis anterior?
What is its action?
Lateral condyle of tibia — Medial cuneiform
Dorsiflexion
What is the origin and insertion of Extensor digitorum longus?
What is its action?
Lateral condyle of tibia — Phalanges
Dorsiflexion
What is the origin and insertion of Extensor hallucis longus?
What is its action?
Anterior tibia — Base of great toe phalanx
Dorsiflexion of ankle
What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis tertius?
What is its action?
Anterior surface of fibula — Base of 5th metatarsal
Dorsiflexion
What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis longus?
What is its action?
Head of fibula — Base of 1st metatarsal
Plantarflexion
What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis brevis?
What is its action?
Lateral surface of fibula — Lateral side of 5th metatarsal
Plantarflexion
What is the origin and insertion of fibularis longus muscle?
What is its action?
Shaft of fibula — Sole of foot
Eversion of foot
What is the origin and insertion of Fibularis brevis muscle?
What is its action?
Lateral fibula — Base of 5th metatarsal
Eversion
What is the origin and insertion of Gastrocnemius?
What is its action?
Lateral condyle of femur & Medial condyle— Calcaneal tendon
Plantarflexion
What is the origin and insertion of Soleus?
What is its action?
Medial tibia — Calcaneal tendon
Plantarflexion
What is the origin and insertion of Plantaris?
What is its action?
Supracondylar ridge — Calcaneal tendon
Plantarflexion
What is the origin and insertion of Popliteus?
What is its action?
Lateral condyle of femur — Posterior surface of tibia
Weak flexion of knee
What is the origin and insertion of Flexor hallucis longus?
What is its action?
Fibula — Base of phalanx of great toe
Flexion of great toe
What is the origin and insertion of Flexor digitorum longus?
What is its action?
Medial part of posterior tibia — Base of phalanges
Flexion of 4 digits, Plantarflexion of ankle
What is the origin and insertion of Tibialis posterior?
What is its action?
Posterior surface of tibia — Navicular, cuneiform, cuboid, base of metatarsals
Plantarflexion
What nerve supplies Popliteus, Flexor hallucis longus, Flexor digitorum longus, and Tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve
What are the 3 branches of the popliteal artery?
Superior genicular arteries
Middle genicular arteries
Inferior genicular arteries
What does the popliteal artery branch of?
Where does the popliteal artery pass through?
Femoral artery
Popliteal fossa
What artery does the anterior tibial artery arise from?
What is the lower branch of the anterior tibial artery?
Popliteal artery
Dorsalis pedis artery
What does the posterior tibial artery branch from?
What is a branch of the posterior tibial artery?
Popliteal artery
Fibular artery
What 2 arteries supply the sole of the foot?
Medial plantar artery
Lateral plantar artery
What is the action of the plantar interossei?
What is the action of the dorsal interossei?
Adduct
Abduct
What muscles make up the 1st layer of the sole?
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
What is the origin and insertion of Abductor hallucis?
What is its action?
Medial calcaneus — Proximal 1st phalanx
Abduction of 1st digit
What is the origin and insertion of flexor digitorum brevis?
What is its action?
Medial calcaneus — Middle phalanges of 4 digits
Flexion of 4 digits