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23-24: Y13 Structured Revision Sessions > Left and Right Realism > Flashcards

Left and Right Realism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 explanations of crime according to Right Realism?

A

Biological differences
Inadequate socialisation
Rational choice theory

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2
Q

What does biological differences mean?

A

Some people are biologically more likely to commit crime, e.g. due to high aggression and low intelligence

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3
Q

Which theorists suggests biological differences cause crime?

A

Wilson and Hernstein (1985)

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4
Q

What does inadequate socialisation mean?

A

Some individuals do not have the shared norms and values of society (the underclass develop a dependency culture)

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5
Q

Which theorist suggested that inadequate socialisation causes crime?

A

Charles Murray (the underclass develop a dependency culture)

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6
Q

What is rational choice theory?

A

People commit crime if the reward is seen as greater than the risk/consequences

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7
Q

Which theorist suggested that rational choice theory causes crime?

A

Clarke (1980)

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8
Q

What is an AO3 point for the biological differences argument?

A

Support: Right Realism has had a genuine effect on government responses to crime, e.g. David Cameron’s response to the 2011 London riots

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9
Q

What is an AO3 point for the inadequate socialisation argument?

A

It ignores wider structural causes such as the unequal distribution of power and wealth

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10
Q

What is an AO3 point for the rational choice theory argument?

A

It does not explain violent crime as there is no real reward for this

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11
Q

What is an AO3 point for Right Realism on the whole?

A

It contradicts itself - how can someone’s behaviour be decided by logic (RCT) and emotion (biological differences) at the same time?

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12
Q

How do Right Realists suggest we reduce crime?

A

Zero Tolerance Policing
Broken Windows Theory
Target Hardening

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13
Q

What is Zero Tolerance Policing?

A

Punishing small crimes harshly to show that crime is treated seriously

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14
Q

What is Broken Windows Theory?

A

Wilson & Kelling - removing signs of crime and deterioration will show that an area is taken care of and crime is not permissible there

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15
Q

What is target hardening?

A

Strategies that increase the risk involved with committing crime, such as CCTV or door locks

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16
Q

What is an AO3 point for Zero Tolerance Policing?

A

Marxists say this focusses on low-level street crime and targets the WC, ignoring crimes of the powerful

17
Q

What is an AO3 point for the Broken Windows Theory?

A

Labelling theorists say this targets communities and individuals based on (racist) typifications

18
Q

What is an AO3 point for target hardening?

A

This may not prevent crime, but instead displace it, causing it to move somewhere else instead

19
Q

What are the 4 explanations of crime according to Left Realism?

A

Relative deprivation
Subcultures
Marginalisation
Late modernity (Lea and Young)

20
Q

What is relative deprivation?

A

A feeling of having less money/resources/property than the average member of society

21
Q

What are subcultures?

A

Groups of individuals within a larger society who have their own norms and values - this can lead to crime

22
Q

What is marginalisation?

A

A sense of powerlessness, resentment, frustration that results from being pushed to the edges of society

23
Q

What is an AO3 point for the relative deprivation argument?

A

Right Realists argue that poverty doesn’t cause crime, instead it is the dependency culture of the WC/underclass that makes them not want to work

24
Q

What is an AO3 point for the subcultures argument?

A

Support: this is similar to Cohen’s subcultural theory/Cloward & Ohlin

25
Q

What is an AO3 point for the marginalisation argument?

A

This does not explain the crimes of the powerful

26
Q

How do Left Realists suggest we reduce crime?

A

Reducing inequality
Democratic policing

27
Q

What does reducing inequality mean/involve?

A

LRs say social inequality causes crime. Structural changes, such as a stronger welfare state or Sure Start centres, can help tackle this

28
Q

What is democractic policing?

A

Kinsey, Lea, and Young (1986): the police need to win the support of the public by being more accountable. Then the public will start to trust them and be on their side instead of against them

29
Q

What is an AO3 point for reducing inequality argument?

A

Right Realists argue that giving funding to the poor is rewarding criminal behaviour and increases the dependency culture

30
Q

What is an AO3 point for the democratic policing argument?

A

Marxists: this effectively targets WC communities and ignores RC crime

23-24: Y13 Structured Revision Sessions (7 decks)

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