Crime Prevention and Control Flashcards
What are the three categories of crime prevention strategies?
Situational Crime Prevention (Right Realists)
Environmental Crime Prevention (Right Realists)
Social and Community Crime Prevention (Left Realists)
What is Situational Crime Prevention?
Increasing the effort and risks of committing crime and reducing the reward by altering the immediate environment
What is an example of Situational Crime Prevention?
Target Hardening, including CCTV, looks on windows, or increased lighting
What is a case study of Situational Crime Prevention?
The NYC bus station was redesigned with more light and CCTV to tackle drug dealing and homelessness
How can we evaluate Situational Crime Prevention?
This can lead to displacement of the crime, meaning it just happens somewhere else instead
What is Environmental Crime Prevention?
Reduce crime by increasing the amount of control/cracking down on disorder early before it turns into larger crimes
What is an example of Environmental Crime Prevention?
Zero tolerance policing and “environmental improvement”, including fixing damage to properties
What is a case study of Environmental Crime Prevention?
NYC Clean Car Program, where subway cars were scrubbed of graffiti immediately, leading to reduction in graffiti overall
How can we evaluate Environmental Crime Prevention?
Zero Tolerance Policing seems to have caused a reduction in crime in US cities where it was used, but other cities which didn’t use it also showed a reduction, suggesting something else could have caused it
What is Social & Community Crime Prevention?
Longer term solutions to try and remove the conditions that push people towards crime
What is an example of Social & Community Crime Prevention?
The benefits system, increasing employment, food banks
What is a case study of Social & Community Crime Prevention?
Perry Pre-school Project: a pre-school for disadvantaged 3-4 year olds. By the time those children turned 40 they had lower than average violent crime and drug use, and higher than average high school graduation. Every $1 spent on the program saved $17 on welfare, prison, etc
How can we evaluate Social & Community Crime Prevention?
Implementing measures like this can be expensive, challenging to set up, and it takes a long time to see the effects
