Lee

Question 1

Aim

Answer 1

see if Chinese & Western cultures hv differences in how they rate truth/lie telling in pro-social/anti-social settings

Question 2

Variables

Answer 2

• IV1: story type - social/physical, pro/anti social
• IV2: age - 7,9,11
• IV3: nationality - Chinese, Canadian
• DV1: rating what char did
• DV2: rating what char said (both vv good to vv naughty)

Question 3

Sample

Answer 3

• 120 Chinese kids (60b & 60g)
• 108 Canadian (58b & 50g)

Question 4

Procedure

Answer 4

1) Ppts randomly assigned to physical or social condition
2) Read 4 stories: 2 antisocial, 2 prosocial - 1 lie & 1 truth telling in each
3) Had to rate on 7 point scale: vv naughty (-3), v naughty (-2), naughty (-1), neutral (0), good (1), v good (2), vv good (3)
^Ratings converted quantitative data to award score^

Question 5

Type of data

Answer 5

Qualitative —> Quantitative
✓ ez to analyse/compare

Qualitative: rich data/insight ; reasoning to picked options

Question 6

Findings

Answer 6

• older Chinese kids saw lie telling in more positive light & gave it higher rating than truth telling in prosocial settings —> more common in physical stories
• nearly 1/2 Chinese explained -ve rating of truth tellers in prosocial conditions as ‘begging for praise’
• truth telling rated as positive

Question 7

Conclusions

Answer 7

• moral development diff in diff cultures ; socio-cultural norms/practices
• not only cuz of cognitive development as proposed by Kohlberg

Question 8

Validity

Answer 8

• High internal: genuine responses, no need for them to lie
• Low ecological: lab
• consistent tests, test what set out to test, stories designed for ez understanding

Question 9

Reliability

Answer 9

• standardised: same Qs for all conditions, 7 point rating scale, same instructions
• 4 stages for consistency

Question 10

Sampling bias/Ethnocentrism

Answer 10

• ✓ boys & girls
• ✕ might not be able to generalise to larger cities
• only used one of each culture from individualist/collectivist ~ ✕ generalise

Question 11

Ethics

Answer 11

• ✓ PFH, IC, RTW
• but no consent from kids —> parents consented for them

Question 12

Research method

Answer 12

• cross-sectional study: clearly compare diff ages: 7,9,11
• lab: controlled but artificial
• independent: no demand characteristics

Question 13

Practical applications

Answer 13

• Education/teaching: help teach morals
• Teach collective ideals, eg. When lying is ✓ (prosocial situations)
• useful - teaches a lot but can’t change cultures (i.e individualism)

Question 14

DEBATES

Answer 14

• Socially sensitive: West ‘begging for praise’ ~ narcissistic
• Nurture: culture involved in moral development
• Useful as science: Lab experiment
• Environmentally deterministic & Reductionist