Bandura

Question 1

Aim

Answer 1

• see whether children imitate aggressive adult’s behavior
• look at gender differences in learning of aggression

Question 2

Research Method

Answer 2

• Lab Experiment
• Controlled Observation: covert, non-participant, unethical, no demand characteristics

Question 3

Sample

Answer 3

• 72 kids (36m, 36f)
• 3-5yrs

Question 4

Variables

Answer 4

• IV: model type - gender, aggressive, non-aggressive, sex of child
• DV: aggressive acts observed
• Control: no model

Question 5

Procedure: S1/2

Answer 5

Stage 1
- non-aggressive: played w tinker toys in quiet/subdued manner
- aggressive: assemble tinker toys - 1 min later aggressive to bobo doll (eg. hit with mallet)
- 10mins later exp returned, took child to other game room

Stage 2
- mild aggression arousal: child played w attractive toys
- then taken away, told for ‘best kids’

Question 6

Procedure: S3

Answer 6

• another room w aggressive (mallet, dart gun, 3ft bobo) & non-aggressive toys (bears, crayons)
• 20 mins: observations made at 5s intervals thru 1 way mirror

Behaviour Categories
> imitation for: physical aggression, verbal aggression, non-aggressive verbal responses, partial model imitations, non-imitative & non-aggressive behavipur

Question 7

Results

Answer 7

Mean No. physical aggression acts)
- Control (no model): B 70.1, G 35.8
- Male aggressive model: B 119.1, G 45.3
- Non-aggressive female: B 69.5, G 18.6

Question 8

Type of Data

Answer 8

Quantitative
+ easily compare girls vs boys
- no qualitative ~ no insight why they did what they did

Question 9

Conclusions

Answer 9

• children exposed to aggressive models = significant more imitation of physical/verbal aggressive behaviour than in kids w non-aggressive/control
• model gender influenced behaviour - more likely to copy same-sex model behaviour
• overall boys showed more aggressive acts than girls

Question 10

Validity

Answer 10

• High internal: no demand characteristics/social desirability ; kids just want to play
• High external: set out like realistic play room, kids used to this.
  but slightly artificial ; abnormal to watch 1 adult play, not everyday task

Question 11

Reliability

Answer 11

• High: controls - same model except for gender, observed for 20mins, same toys, mild aggression arousal (told can’t play w toys)~ replicable/standardized/same experience

Question 12

Sampling bias

Answer 12

• small sample
• boys + girls
• same nursery

Question 13

Ethnocentrism

Answer 13

• Stanford University Nursery - America
• similar economic-socio background
• parents = professors?

Question 14

Ethics

Answer 14

• IC: children can’t give, but parents can
• Socially Sensitive: caused aggression in kids when it wasn’t there b4, could learn from it

Question 15

Practical Applications

Answer 15

shows importance of early environment in shaping behaviour
> teaching practices
> age ratings, films, video games
> parenting
> 9pm watershed - nthn inappropriate until after 9pm (Psychology useful debate)

Question 16

Debates

Answer 16

• socially sensitive
• usefulness
• nurture: but could be nature ; boys overall more aggressive
• determinism: aggressive model = aggressive kids