Lecutre: Calvin Cycle

Question 1

The _ _ uses the _ and _ from the light reactions to fix _ _ and create
_.

Answer 1

The Calvin cycle uses the ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to fix carbon dioxide and create
carbohydrates.

Question 2

_ runs the _ reaction of the _ , creating phosphoglycerate.

Answer 2

Rubisco (ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) runs the first reaction of the Calvin cycle,
creating phosphoglycerate.

Question 3

The _ _ is not a simple cycle and contains parts reminiscent of _ (and the
_ _ _ as well)

Answer 3

The Calvin cycle is not a simple cycle and contains parts reminiscent of gluconeogenesis (and the
pentose-phosphate shunt as well)

Question 4

The _ _ _ (PPS) is a complex pathway interconverting many _,
from _ to _ carbons.

Answer 4

The pentose-phosphate shunt (PPS) is a complex pathway interconverting many monosaccharides,
from three to seven carbons.

Question 5

The _ _ of the PPS is irreversible and produces _ and _.

Answer 5

The oxidative phase of the PPS is irreversible and produces NADPH and ribose.

Question 6

_ is biosynthetic _ _, used for example to reduce _ the most important
antioxidant.

Answer 6

NADPH is biosynthetic reducing power, used for example to reduce glutathione, the most important
antioxidant.

Question 7

The _ _ uses the _ and _ from the light reactions to fix _ _ and create _.

Answer 7

The Calvin cycle uses the ATP and NADPH from the light reactions to fix carbon dioxide and create carbohydrates

Question 8

Name the thee stages of the Clavin Cycle

Answer 8

Stage 1: carbon dioxide fixation by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and Rubisco to form 2 molecules of 3-PGA

Question 9

In stage one carbon fixtion is done with _ and _ to make _ molecues of _ ?

Answer 9

carbon dioxide fixation by ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and Rubisco to form 2 molecules of 3-PGA

Question 10

3-PGA

Answer 10

Question 11

In stage 2 of the clavin cycle _ of _ is done with _ and _ to form _ sugars

Answer 11

In stage 2 of the clavin cycle reduction of 3-PGA is done with ATP and NADH to form Hexose sugars.

Question 12

Stage one _
stage two _
Stage three _

Answer 12

Stage one: Fixation
stage two: Reduction
Stage three: Regeration

Question 13

_ (ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase) runs the _ _ of the _ , creating phosphoglycerate.

Answer 13

Rubisco (ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase) runs the first reaction of the Calvin cycle, creating phosphoglycerate

Question 14

Fill in the Blank (red we need to know):

Rubsico _ the addtion of _ on to a _ carbon sugar to make a _ carbon sugar.

Answer 14

Rubsico Catalyzes the addtion of CO2 on to a five carbon sugar to make a 6 carbon sugar

Question 15

Hexose formation looks like

Answer 15

Gluconenogess

Question 16

Hexose formation

_ is converted to _ sugar ( _ ) hexose at the chemical expense of _ and _ that come from the _ _.

Answer 16

Here CO2 is converted to sugar (hexose) at the chemical expense of ATP and NADPH (from the light rxns)

Question 17

How do plants Make NADPH?

Answer 17

Light rxn

Question 18

What is the other way for plants and people to make NADPH where is need for reducive biosynthesis?

Answer 18

Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Question 19

The Pentose-phosphate pathway has how many phases

Answer 19

2

Question 20

PHASE 1 of the PPP

Answer 20

Phase 1: oxidative generation of NADPH

alterative pathway to make NADH as all orgo hae this path way.

Question 21

Phase 2: of PPP is _ intercovestons of sugars that can be converted in _ intermediates _ and _.

Answer 21

Phase 2: nonoxidative interconversion of sugars that can be converted into glycolytic intermediates (F6P AND GAP)

Question 22

what is the diffrence between the Calvin cycle & Pentose- phosphate pathway?

Answer 22

Calvin cycle make hexoses using CO2 and NADPH

Pentose- Phosphate pathway make NADPH and CO2 form Hexose.

Question 23

The breakdown of glycogen to form glucose occurs
a) in the liver by phosphorolysis.
b) in the muscles by phosphorolysis.
c) in the liver by hydrolysis.
d) in the muscles by hydrolysis.
e) a and b are both correct.

Answer 23

e) a and b are both correct.