Chapter 12 Lipids & Membranes Flashcards
Lipids by definition are _
Lipids by definition are water-insoluble
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ID
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Name the main things that are important for lipds (4)
-Membranes
-Major source of energy
-Hormones
-Diabetes, obesity, artherosclerosis, cancer
Saturated fatty acid are good or bad fats and why?
bad they are straight chained so they can be close to each other Vs unsaturatd fat where the dobuble bond makes the fat kinked.
Are unsaturated fats good or bad?
Good
Saturated or unsaturated fat? How can you tell?
Staurated Fat: all the of the carbons atoms have Hydrogen atoms on them.
Saturated or unsaturated fat? How can you tell?
Unsaturated: some of the carbons atoms have Hydrogen atoms from double bonds, and don’t have as many Hydrogen atoms as possible.
Saturated or unsaturated fat?
Saturated
Saturated or unsaturated fat?
Unsaturated fatty acid
How to name fatty acids
Name is derived from the name of its parent compound. Ex. C18 saturated fatty acid:
parent hydrocarbon is octadecane octadecanoic acid
How to Number Fatty Acids
Fatty acid carbon atoms are numbered
starting at the Carboxyl terminus:
O=C=O
18:0 denotes a C18 fatty acid how many double bonds?
no double bonds
Where is the bouble bond located? What is the symbol
Position of double bond is represented by “∆” followed by a superscript.
When counting the carbons for a fatty acid you start with _ and it that carbon goes above the “∆”.
When counting the carbons for a fatty acid you start with Carboxyl terminus and it that carbon goes above the “∆”.
break this down 18:1 ∆^9
18 carbon with one double bond on carbon 9
What is the methy carbon called at the end of a fatty acid
Omega carbon
What is another way you can count carbons of a fatty acid.
Alternatively, can count from omega carbon with omega being carbon 1: ω-3 fatty acid
This is an exmaple of what type of fat?
Saturated and it is bad for you b/c they stack well and as a result they can form plaques which in turn colg your arteries.
What type of fat is this?
Unstatured fat which is good for you and do not stack well.
What type of fat is this?
Unsatrated fat and this is can stack even better then saturated fats.
what is the Melting point of steric acid melting point?
70 degrees C
what is the Melting point of Oelic Acid?
13 degrees C
Why are trans fats bad for you?
Trans fats are bad for you becasue they lower HDL ( the good cholerterol) and inresseace LDL ( the bad cholesterol).
what are the 3 classes of Membrane lipids?
- phospholipids
- glycolipids
- cholesterol
What is this?
A phospholipid
Phospholipids Derived from _ Are Called _.
Phospholipids Derived from Glycerol Are Called Phosphoglycerides
Fill in the blank
Phospholipids Can be _ at the _ Terminus with _.
Phospholipids Can be Decorated at the Phosphate Terminus with Alcohols
Name this
Serine
Name this
Ethanolamine
Name this
Choline
Name this
Glycerol
Name this
Inositol
Name this major Phosphoglycerides
Phosphatidylserine
Name this major Phosphoglycerides
Phosphatidycholine
Name this major Phosphoglycerides
Phosphatidlethanolamine
Name this major Phosphoglycerides
Phosphatidylinositol
Name this major Phosphoglycerides
Diphosphatidyglycerol ( cardiolipin)
_ is a Phospholipid Found in Membranes. And what is the core _ _
Sphingomeyelin is a Phospholipid Found in Membranes. The core is an amino alcohol
Fill in the blank
Glycolipids are - Lipids and are similar to Similar to Sphingomyelin but different group linked to primary _ and no _ (sugar instead)
Glycolipids are Sugar-Containing Lipids similar Similar to Sphingomyelin but different group linked to primary OH group and no phosphate group (sugar instead)
_ is a Lipid Based On a Steroid Nucleus
Cholesterol is a Lipid Based On a Steroid Nucleus
Steroid nucleus _ _ on one end _ on the other end
Steroid nucleus Hydrocarbon tail on one end Alcohol on the other end
Structures that Result from _ Nature of Lipids. Meaning that they are both _ and - polor.
Structures that Result from Amphipathic Nature of Lipids and are both polor and non-polor.
What do Micelles allow and what are they driven by?
(allow for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins) and driven by hydrophbic effect
_ bilayers are Highly _ to _ and Most Polar Molecules ( _ is the exception)
Lipid bilayers are Highly Impermeable to Ions and Most Polar Molecules (** water** is the exception)
What are the two ways that water can cross
-
Osmosis - a type of diffusion across a semi-perm. membrane
2.** Aquaporins ** – a type of protein channel
_ Carry Out Most Membrane Processes
Proteins Carry Out Most Membrane Processes
Expain this and what make its a intergral membrane protein?
If any part of the protein is in the membrane
Main Idea:
_ proteins can have hydrophobic _ helices or _ _ sheets.
Transmembrane proteins can have hydrophobic alpha helices or amphipathic beta sheets.
Transmembrane proteins
are Transmembrane _ - helices and are mostly - amino acids
Bacteriorhodopsin Transmembrane
α-helices
Mostly nonpolar amino acids
In porins the outside is _?
Outside (nonpolar residues)
Some Proteins Associate with Membranes Through Covalently Attached _ Groups
Some Proteins Associate with Membranes Through Covalently Attached Hydrophobic Groups
Lipids are attached to the _ -terminus or a residue with what type of anchors?
Lipids are attached to C-terminus or a **Cys ** residue
ID this lipdated proteins
s-Palmitoylcysteine
ID this lipdated proteins
C-terminal S-farnesylcysteine methyl ester
ID this lipdated proteins
Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor
Membranes are _ static, _ structures _ diffusion occurs with lipids and proteins But, _ through membrane is very slow.
Membranes are NOT static, rigid structures Lateral diffusion occurs with lipids and proteins But, rotation through membrane is very slow.
Melting point is a function of: what Three things?
If long chain high or low mp
if saterated high or low mp
Unsaturated with cis double bond high or low Tm
Tm is a function of: Phase-transition for a phospholipid membrane
- Length of fatty acid chains
- Degree of unsaturation
- [Cholesterol] - depended on concertration
If long chain high or low mp
if saterated hight or low mp
Unsaturated with cis double bond high or low Tm
