Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Repro > Lecure 10 - Pregnancy > Flashcards

Lecure 10 - Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Normal site of fertilisation

A

Ampulla of Fallopian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Human sexual response stages

A

Excitement phase - erection
Plateau phase - emission
Orgasm phase - ejaculation
Resolution phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Excitement phase

A

Psychogenic or somatic stimuli

Parasympathetic efferent via pelvic nerve and somatic efferents via pudendal nerve causes erection

Arteries secrete nitrous oxide which vasodilates arteries

Inhibition of sympathetic arterial vasoconstriction nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Erection

A

Sinusoids within the corpus cavernosum relax and arterioles dilate

Venous compression due to increased blood flow against the tunica albuginea surrounding the corpus cavernosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Corpus spongiform during erection

A

Not completely compressed as would block semen pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Vasodilation of arteries

A
  1. Post ganglionic fibres release Ach
  2. Ach binds to M3 receptors on endothelial cells
  3. M3 receptors stimulate an increase in intracellular calcium
  4. Nitric oxide synthase activated, producing nitric oxide
  5. Nitric oxide diffuses into the vascular smooth muscle and causes vasodilation

NO is also released directly from the cavernous nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Causes of erectile dysfunction

A

Psychological- inhibition of spinal reflexes
Tears in corpora cavernosum
Vascular defect
Drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sidenofil

A

Slows rate at which cGMP is degraded
Therefore more NO can be released
Maintains NO release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Emission

A

Sympathetic control

  • movement of semen into the prostatic urethra
  • contraction of smooth muscle in the prostate, vas deferens and seminal vesicles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ejaculation

A

Contraction smooth muscle in the glands and ducts
Internal ureteric sphincter contracts to prevent retrograde ejaculation into the bladder
EUS also contracts
Rhythmic striated muscle contractions of the pelvic floor and perineal muscles
Expulsion of semen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Spinnbarkeit test

A

Stretchyness of cervical mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Fern test

A

Cervical mucus dries on glass and looks like fern under a microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Site of sperm deposition

A

External OS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Capacitation

A

Maturation of sperm in the female genital tract (6-8 hours)

Tail moves from beat like to whip like motions so it can penetrate the zone pellucida

Enzymes are released from the acrosome which removes the outer granulosa cells of the ovum - corona radiata

Now sperm can fuse with the oocyte cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Corona radiata

A

Granulosa cells lining the ovum before capacitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acrosome reaction

A

Sperm pushed through the corona radiata

Sperm interacts with the zone pellucida - sperm surface receptors bind to ZP3 glycoproteins of the zona pellucida

The outer layer of the sperm head is lost and the zona pellucida is digested

The sperm penetrates the ovum and fused with the membrane

17
Q

Cortical reaction of ovum

A

Prevents further sperm from entering the oocyte - polyspermy

Triggers meiosis II to finish

18
Q

Morula

A

Multiple mitotic divisions of the zygote (8 cell stage) to form morula

Totipotent cells - can differentiate into anything

19
Q

Fertile window

A

Spermatozoa - 2 - 3 days

Oocytes - 6 - 24 hours

20
Q

Fertile period

A

Sperm deposition up to 3 days before ovulation to 1 day after

21
Q

Gamete transport

A

Oocyte - beating of cilia and peristalsis of the uterine tube
Sperm - own propulsion and tail movements

22
Q

Acrosome

A

Derived from Golgi region of developing spermatid

Contains enzymes

23
Q

Fertilisation

A

Sperm and ovum plasma membranes fuse

24
Q

Meiosis II

A

Series of calcium waves are activated after ovum fusion to sperm
Meiosis II resumes and the pronuclei fuse together

25
Q

In vitro

A

Oocytes are fertilised in vitro and divide to 4-8 cell stage
Morula transferred to uterus

26
Q

PGD

A

Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis

  • cell safety removed from the morula and tested for serious heritable conditions prior to transfer of the embryo into the mother
27
Q

Blastocyst and hatching

A

Differentiate into trophoblast (outer) and embryoblast (inner) cells
Forming a blastocyst

Blastocyst hatches from the zona pellucida and can impact into the uterus

28
Q

Implantation

A

Trophoblast interacts with endometrium of the uterine surface

Endometrium controls the degree of implantation via the decidual reaction

29
Q

Ectopic implantation

A

Implantation at a site other than the endometrium of the uterus so invasion not controlled as the decidual reaction does not occur

Common site: ampulla

30
Q

Placenta praevia

A

Implantation in lower segment of uterus

Repro (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions