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Repro > Lecture 2 - Female repro system > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Female repro system Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the ovary

A

To produce ova

Site of oogenesis

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2
Q

Where are gametes formed

A

In the germinal epithelium of the ovarian surface

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3
Q

Why do some females get sharp pain in the iliac fossa during ovulation?

A

On day 14

The mature ovum ruptures the peritoneum of the ovary

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4
Q

Parts of the uterus

A

Fundus - top
Body
Cervix - internal and external os

Myometrium - smooth muscle
Endometrium - simple columnar epithelium

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5
Q

Structure of the Fallopian tubes

A

Fimbrae - Increase SA to catch ovum in peritoneal cavity
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

Contain cilia which enable transport of the ova to the uterus

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6
Q

Cervix

A

Part of the uterus that invaginates into the vagina
Produces cervical mucus which changes consistency and pH
Fibrous
Hormonal changes can occur due to the menstrual cycle and pregnancy

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7
Q

Pouches

A

Vesicouterine pouch
Rectouterine pouch - Pouch of Douglas

Can be a site of fluid collection and infection

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8
Q

Endometriosis

A

Ectopic endometrial tissue dispensed to various sites along the peritoneal cavity and beyond

Can cause:

  • dysmenorrhea
  • infertility
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9
Q

Uterus in relation to the bladder

A

Superior and posterior

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10
Q

Cervix epithelial linings

A

Stratified squamous epithelium - outside

Simple columnar epithelium

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11
Q

Transformation zone

A

Point of transition

Higher chance of neoplasia and malignancy

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12
Q

Fornix

A

Space between the cervix and vagina

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13
Q

Uterus expansion

A

Accommodates for growing fetus

at 40 weeks - fundus is near transverse colon

  • compresses rectum - constipation
  • compresses bladder - urinary frequency
  • gastric reflux

Ligament expansion can cause pain

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14
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Inappropriate implantation of embryo into a site other than the upper uterus

Most commonly the ampulla of the fallopian tubes

Medical emergency as can cause haemorrhage

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15
Q

Why might an embryo implant in the fallopian tube

A

Narrow tubes

Blocked due to scarring and chronic infection

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16
Q

Why does haemorrhage occur in ectopic pregnancies

A

The decidual reaction does not occur in sites other than the uterus which prevents the embryo from implanting too far.

17
Q

Why can uterine infections spread to the peritoneum?

A

The uterine tubes open up into the peritoneal cavity therefore acts as a conduit for infection spread

(Egg released into the peritoneal cavity for a moment before being picked up by fimbriae and into the fallopian tube)

18
Q

Peritoneal ligaments

A

Broad ligament
Round ligament
Suspensory ligament
Ligament of ovary

19
Q

Broad ligament

A

Peritoneal fold

Attaches to the uterus and to pelvic sidewalls

20
Q

Round ligament

A

Remnant of the gubernaculum

21
Q

Ovarian ligament

A

Remnant of the gubernaculum

Attaches the ovary to the uterus

22
Q

Suspensory ligament

A

The neurovascular bundle (ovarian artery and vein) runs through the suspensory ligament

Tents peritoneum up

23
Q

Three parts of the broad ligament

A

Mesometrium - connects to endometrium
Mesosalpinx - around fallopian tubes
Mesovarium - around ovary and ovarian ligament

24
Q

What does the internal iliac artery and vein pass through

A

Broad ligament - acts as a mesentery

25
Q

Blood supply

A

Uterine artery from the internal iliac artery

26
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Remove uterus

Can get profuse bleeding as the vaginal artery and uterine artery anastomose

27
Q

Position of uterus

A

Antiverted and antiflexed

Position maintained by round ligament

28
Q

Histology of the vagina

A

Thick stratified squamous epithelium containing glycogen in granules

29
Q

Glycogen in granules of vagina

A

Metabolised by lactobacilli bacteria forming lactic acid

pH is slightly acidic

30
Q

Vulva

A

External genitalia made of the labia majora and minora

31
Q

Structure of the ovary

A

Covered by the tunica albuginea

Contains follicles which are stimulated by FSH to produce a primary follicle which matures to release an ovum

Repro (20 decks)

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