LECTURES AND 1ST REPORTER Flashcards
What is the primary goal of programming in advertiser-supported media?
To maximize audience size targeted by advertisers
Which of the following best describes the job of a program director?
Designing schedules and selecting content for a target audience
What is the main function of commercial media?
Delivering an audience to advertisers
What is the term for airing a program on a different outlet shortly after its original broadcast?
Repurposing
What strategy involves scheduling similar shows back-to-back to retain audience attention?
Blocking
TRUE OR FALSE
“Content is king” is a phrase attributed to Bill Gates.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
Facebook and YouTube do not rely on advertising for revenue.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
Broadcasters primarily work for the audience, not the advertisers.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
Habit formation in programming is achieved by scheduling programs at unpredictable times.
FALSE
TRUE OR FALSE
Narrowcasting is aimed at a broad and diverse audience.
FALSE
Refers to the strategy of scheduling different types of programs to match parts of the day.
DAYPARTING
The __________ allowed the Secretary of Commerce and Industry to regulate radio broadcasting.
Radio Control Law (Act 3486)
Was the American entrepreneur who introduced radio to the Philippines.
HENRY HERMAN
In 1924, KZKZ was acquired by the _______________?
Radio Corporation of the Philippines (RCP).
The __________________ was established in 1939 and launched KZRH.
Manila Broadcasting Company (MBC)
Explain the difference between broadcasting and narrowcasting.
Broadcasting targets a broad and diverse audience, while narrowcasting focuses on a specific, niche audience.
What are two key factors that audiences look for in programming?
Entertainment and information.
Why do broadcasters prioritize advertisers over audiences?
Because advertisers provide the revenue that funds the programs, and broadcasters need to attract an audience that advertisers want to reach.
Name two major radio stations established in the Philippines before 1940.
KZRM and KZRH.
How did World War II impact Philippine radio?
The Japanese seized and shut down all radio stations to prevent anti-Japanese propaganda, using KZRH for their own broadcasts.
What is the role of a program director in media?
a) Writing scripts for TV shows
b) Designing a schedule and selecting content for a target audience
c) Managing the technical operations of a station
d) Editing news articles
b) Designing a schedule and selecting content for a target audience
What is the primary way commercial media makes money?
a) Selling subscriptions
b) Donations from the public
c) Advertising revenue
d) Government funding
c) Advertising revenue
What is dayparting in programming?
a) Choosing content that appeals to a niche audience
b) Blocking similar programs together to maintain audience flow
c) Scheduling programs to match the audience’s daily routines
d) Repeating programs for cost efficiency
c) Scheduling programs to match the audience’s daily routines
What is the main reason broadcasters do not prioritize program creation?
a) It is too expensive
b) They are primarily in the business of attracting audiences for advertisers
c) They lack skilled writers and producers
d) Advertisers do not care about program quality
b) They are primarily in the business of attracting audiences for advertisers
What is an example of habit formation in programming?
a) Randomly scheduling programs to avoid predictability
b) Airing the same show at the same time every weekday
c) Frequently changing the schedule to attract a new audience
d) Releasing content without a fixed schedule
b) Airing the same show at the same time every weekday
What does audience flow control mean in programming?
a) Making sure programs appeal to advertisers
b) Designing a schedule that keeps audiences watching from one show to the next
c) Removing commercials to keep audience engagement
d) Avoiding scheduling conflicts with rival stations
b) Designing a schedule that keeps audiences watching from one show to the next
Which of the following is an example of repurposing?
a) A TV show being aired again on the same network months later
b) A radio show being re-aired on the same station
c) A TV show first aired on ABS-CBN and later on DZMM TeleRadyo
d) A podcast being removed from streaming platforms
c) A TV show first aired on ABS-CBN and later on DZMM TeleRadyo
In the early days of Philippine radio, what was the main type of content aired?
a) Sports programs
b) American music and radio dramas
c) Local Filipino talk shows
d) Reality TV programs
b) American music and radio dramas
Which statement is true about broadcasting and narrowcasting?
a) Broadcasting targets a general audience, while narrowcasting targets a specific audience.
b) Narrowcasting is used only for radio, while broadcasting is used for television.
c) Broadcasting is only possible through radio signals.
d) Narrowcasting is not relevant to online media.
a) Broadcasting targets a general audience, while narrowcasting targets a specific audience.
Why are reruns and repurposing important in programming?
a) They allow networks to save money and maximize content use.
b) They reduce audience engagement.
c) They are required by advertising regulations.
d) They prevent audience flow.
a) They allow networks to save money and maximize content use.
__________ refers to scheduling programs in a way that matches the daily routines of audiences, such as airing news in the morning and entertainment shows at night.
Dayparting
__________ refers to scheduling the same program at the same time every weekday to develop a habit among viewers.
Stripping
The __________ is the person responsible for selecting and organizing programs for a TV or radio station.
Program Director
__________ was the American entrepreneur who introduced radio broadcasting to the Philippines.
Henry Herman
In 1939, the __________ Broadcasting Company (MBC) was established and launched KZRH, one of the most influential radio stations in the country.
Manila
What is the main reason advertisers are important to commercial broadcasters?
Because advertisers provide the revenue that funds the programs. Without them, broadcasters wouldn’t be able to afford content production or licensing.
How does scheduling impact audience behavior?
It influences how long viewers stay tuned and which programs they watch next, impacting ratings and advertising revenue.
Why do most people prefer someone else to handle programming instead of choosing content themselves?
Because they trust experts to curate content that fits their interests and preferences.
How did the Japanese invasion affect Philippine radio broadcasting during World War II?
The Japanese took control of Philippine radio stations, shutting them down or using them for propaganda.
What are two key differences between reruns and repurposing?
Reruns are rebroadcasts on the same outlet, while repurposing is broadcasting a show on a different outlet shortly after its original airing.
Commercial broadcasters make most of their revenue from advertisers, not viewers. (True/False)
TRUE
YouTube and Facebook operate on a subscription-only model with no advertising. (True/False)
FALSE
The main role of programmers is to create original shows from scratch. (True/False)
FALSE
Audience ratings have little impact on programming decisions. (True/False)
FALSE
Blocking is a strategy used to maintain audience flow by grouping similar programs together. (True/False)
TRUE
What is a hammocking strategy in TV programming?
a) Placing a weak show between two strong shows to boost viewership
b) Airing the same show multiple times in a day
c) Scheduling a show at an unusual time slot to attract niche audiences
d) Repeating the same commercials within a program
Answer: a) Placing a weak show between two strong shows to boost viewership
What does “tentpoling” mean in broadcasting?
a) Featuring a major program to support weaker programs before and after it
b) Canceling a show due to poor ratings
c) Moving a show to a later time slot
d) Using a show to test experimental content
Answer: a) Featuring a major program to support weaker programs before and after it
Which programming strategy focuses on airing similar types of shows back-to-back?
a) Bridging
b) Blocking
c) Stripping
d) Counterprogramming
Answer: b) Blocking
The “prime time” slot usually refers to:
a) Early morning programming
b) Late-night talk shows
c) The evening hours when the most people watch TV
d) Mid-afternoon programming
Answer: c) The evening hours when the most people watch TV
What was the first radio station in the Philippines?
a) DZRH
b) KZRH
c) KZKZ
d) DZMM
Answer: c) KZKZ
What does counterprogramming mean?
a) Airing content that is different from what competitors are showing
b) Scheduling similar shows back-to-back
c) Removing programs that perform poorly
d) Repeating old episodes to save money
Answer: a) Airing content that is different from what competitors are showing
Which of the following is an example of first-run syndication?
a) A network re-airing an old episode of a popular show
b) A TV series that is produced directly for syndication instead of a network
c) A movie premiere on TV
d) A local TV station buying the rights to air a foreign show
Answer: b) A TV series that is produced directly for syndication instead of a network
What programming technique is used to prevent audience drop-off before commercials?
a) Bridging
b) Stripping
c) Repurposing
d) Narrowcasting
Answer: a) Bridging
The term “lead-in” in programming means:
a) A strong show placed before a weaker show to help boost its viewership
b) The closing scene of a TV show
c) A commercial break that lasts longer than usual
d) A teaser for an upcoming episode
Answer: a) A strong show placed before a weaker show to help boost its viewership
Which media business model relies primarily on public donations instead of advertising?
a) Commercial broadcasting
b) Subscription-based streaming
c) Public broadcasting
d) Network television
Answer: c) Public broadcasting
TRUE OR FALSE:
The “watershed” period refers to the time slot when TV stations air content with mature themes.
Answer: True
TRUE OR FALSE:
Narrowcasting refers to broadcasting to a broad audience.
Answer: False (Narrowcasting targets a specific audience.)
TRUE OR FALSE:
Evergreens are shows that remain popular and in demand long after their original airdate.
Answer: True
TRUE OR FALSE:
The first radio broadcast in the Philippines happened in 1922.
Answer: True
TRUE OR FALSE:
Audience flow refers to how networks attempt to retain viewers across multiple programs.
TRUE
__________ is a strategy where TV networks air a strong program between two weaker ones to boost their ratings.
Answer: Hammocking
The first radio station in the Philippines was __________, launched in 1922.
Answer: KZKZ
The “golden age of Philippine radio” occurred in the __________ decade.
Answer: 1950s
__________ refers to the practice of broadcasting the same TV show at the same time every weekday.
Answer: Stripping
__________ is a programming technique that schedules programs to attract an audience from one program to another.
Answer: Audience flow
What is the difference between “bridging” and “blocking” in programming?
Answer: Bridging keeps audiences engaged between two programs to prevent channel switching, while blocking places similar shows back-to-back to retain a targeted audience.
How did World War II affect Philippine radio broadcasting?
Answer: The Japanese military took control of all radio stations and used them for propaganda, shutting down independent and commercial broadcasts.
What is the purpose of “lead-in” programming?
Answer: To boost the ratings of a weaker show by placing it after a strong-performing program.
Why do TV networks use “counterprogramming”?
Answer: To attract an audience that isn’t interested in the content their competitors are airing.
What is “first-run syndication”?
Answer: A show that is produced directly for syndication instead of a specific network, like ‘Judge Judy’ or ‘Wheel of Fortune.’
Elements of Programming (Eastman and Ferguson, 2013)
- COMPATIBILITY
- HABIT FORMATION
- CONTROL OF AUDIENCE FLOW
- CONSERVATION OF PROGRAM RESOURCES
- BREADTH OF APPEAL
