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lectures Flashcards

1
Q

what are dental stones made of

A

dental gypsum

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2
Q

how are articulators deisgned

A

to look like and act like that of the normal jaw (TMJ)

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3
Q

how does the jaw move during protrusions

A

forward and downward so we shoot for a 30 degree angle for the articulator eminence

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4
Q

how does the universal occlusal mounting stand mount the maxilary cast

A

to bodwins equalateral triangle

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5
Q

The geometric (Non-anatomic) school of articulator design

A

School of articulator design that denied the existance of condylar axes and disregarded
the condylar paths as influences on occlusion and instead claimed that the articulation of teeth guides the mandible during mastication

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6
Q

what are features of articulators from the condylar (Anatomic) school of thought

A

Adjustable condylar guides

Average value instruments

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7
Q

Bonwill triangle theory

A

The size of the mandible is equal to 10 cm (4 inches) from condyle to
condyle and from each condyle to the incisor point.

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8
Q

what forms the balkwill angle

A

Is formed between the occlusal plane and Bonwill triangle (~26˚)

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9
Q

Curve of spee

A

“The relationship between the curved arrangements of the occlusal planes of natural teeth and the corresponding curves of the condylar paths.”

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10
Q

The molar masticatory surfaces lie on the same arc of a circle. Theposterior continuation of which touches the most anterior point of the condyle.

A

curve of spee

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11
Q

where is the location of the axis of the curve of spee

A

The location of the axis of that cylinder’s curvature is at the level of the horizontal mid-orbital plane.

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12
Q

what did carl Christonson discover

A

the space between the maxilla and mandible during protrusion

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13
Q

how did monson describe a method for setting denture teeth

A

used bonwill’s equilateral triangle conforming to the surface of a sphere

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14
Q

where is monson center of rotation

A

4inches from the 3 corners of the bonwill triangle to create a radius of a sphere

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15
Q

describe the curve of wilson

A

In the theory that occlusion should be spherical, the
curvature of the cusps as projected on the frontal plane expressed in both arches; the curve in the lower arch being concave and the one in the upper arch being
convex.

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16
Q

Rupert E. Hall’s Conical Theory of Mandibular Movement (describes the modern articulator)

A

The external occipital protuberance was considered as the anatomic rotation center of mandible.

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17
Q

what gives the anatomic and functional harmony in the occlusal stability

A

balance between elevator and depressor muscles

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18
Q

stongest muscle in the body

A

masseter (80Kg of force

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19
Q

muscles of mastication

A 
masseter
digastric
temporalis
lateral pterygoid
medial pterygoid
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20
Q

where does the temporalis insert

A

inserts to coranoid process of mandible and anterior ramus

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21
Q

lateral pterygoid inserts

A

in condylar process and disks

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22
Q

action of lateral pterygoid

A

protrussion

move jaw sideways

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23
Q

what muscle must be past through to get to the lingual nerve

A

the medial pterygoid

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24
Q

the biconcave disk for the head of the condyl for friction

A

joint capsul/disk

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25
Q

parts of the conyl

A

has a medial and lateral pole

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26
Q

the working side for lateral movements of the mandible``

A

pivoting side

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27
Q

Bennett’s movement

A

A cone shapped structure where the pivoting/working condyl can go

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28
Q

what muscle aids with opening the mouth

A

lateral ptyergoids and the digastic muscle

29
Q

what is the shape of chewing

A

teardrop fassion

30
Q

bennett’s side shift

A

mandibular lateral translation

31
Q

ulf posselt’s envelope of motion

A 
arch of rotation
then arch of translation 
then protrude and close at the same time
CO->MI
then slips over the anterior teeth and connects to full protrusion
32
Q

function of anterior teeth

A 
anterior guidance
perform initial acts of mastication
speech
lip support
esthetics
33
Q

what dictates anterior guidance

A
  1. Position of the incisal edge of the mandibular anterior
    teeth relative to the lingual surfaces of the maxillary
    anterior teeth
  2. Changes in morphology of the lingual surfaces of
    maxillary anterior teeth.
  3. Length of mandibular incisors or canines
34
Q

3 functions ofthe anterior guide table

A
  1. When anterior teeth are prepared, the angulation of the custom
    guide provides anterior guidance in place of the anterior teeth.
  2. When only posterior teeth are to be replaced, the angulation of
    the guide serves to estimate the buccolingual and mesiodistal
    cusp angles, so as to avoid interferences in both protrusive and
    non-working excursions.
  3. Reduce the amount of wear of the stone casts during excursive
    movements made on the articulator.
35
Q

what does the frankfort horizontal plane define

A

defines the horizontal plane of the skull so that other measures can be made more accurately

36
Q

what defines the frankfort horizontal plane

A

the external acoustic meatus and the base of the eyeball (but normally defined by bones)

37
Q

how is the frankfort horizontal plane separated from the occlusal plane

A

by 10 degrees

38
Q

what is used to estimate the frankfort horizontal plane

A

the ala-tragus plane (camper’s plane)- based on soft tissue

39
Q

articulators that allow opening

A

plane line articulator

40
Q

bennett’s angle

A

the angle between the protrusion and medial wall on the non-working side as the condyl moves medially on the horizontal plane

41
Q

fissur’s angle

A

the downward pathways of the condyl in protrusion vs non-working expression in the sagital plane

42
Q

what is used to record mandibular movements

A

the pantograph

43
Q

how should occlusal cusps and ridges be defined

A

The cusps and ridges of the occlusal surfaces should be shaped to allow even contact with the opposing teeth while stabilizing the teeth and directing forces along their long axes.

44
Q

where is the arbitrary hinge axis for an earbow transfer

A

13mm anterior to tragus on tragus-canthus line

45
Q

how do you find the kinematic hinge axis

A

pinpoint actual axis by means of pantograph

46
Q

Hanau’s formula for bennett’s angle

A

L=H/8 +12
L=lateral angle
H=horizontal angle

47
Q

why use ear bow transfer

A
  1. relates maxillary cast to termial hinge axis (manibular condyles
  2. orients the maxillary cast correctly in space using a 3rd point of reference(occlusal plane)
  3. is aligned parallel to the interpupillary line (reference)
  4. permits mounting of the maxillary cast on a semi-adjustable articulator
  5. the mandibular cast is mounted using a centric relation record
48
Q

where is the habitual arc of closure

A

within the boarder movement

49
Q

location of physiological rest position

A

right below MI (2-3mm)

50
Q

what do the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid attach to

A

superior: articular disk
Inferior: neck of mandible

51
Q

where do cusps normally go

A

mandibular cusp in the mesial fossa of the maxillary tooth( tooth to tooth) (wrong: tooth to two teeth)

52
Q

if occlusion is tooth to two teeth

A

mandible is too far forward

53
Q

what is the optimal joint relationship in the TMJ

A 
Optimal joint relationship is
achieved only when the
articular disks are properly
interposed between the
condyles and the articular
fossae (CR).
In this position, the articular
surfaces and tissues of the
joints are aligned such that
forces applied by the
masculature do not create
any damage.
54
Q

what helps with dealing with pressure forces

A

osseous tissues not good, so periodontal ligaments help to control these forces

55
Q

Class 1 lever

A

fulcrum between load and effort

56
Q

class 2 lever

A

load between fulcrum and effort

57
Q

class 3 lever

A

effort between load and fulcrum

58
Q

effects of tooth loss

A 
supraeruption- when the opposite tooth to a removed tooth overgrows
tilting
loss of contact
loss of posterior tooth support
loss of vertical dimension
flaring of anterior teeth
non-working interferences
59
Q

goal of occlusal treatment

A
  1. direct occlusal forces along the long axes of teeth(stable posterior contacts)
  2. In MI position, all mandibular teeth should contact their maxillary opponents at the same time and with same intensity (CO-MI)
  3. to furnish a smooth prtrusive path guided by the anterior teeth without any interference from occlusal contacts between the posterior teeth (Posterior disclusion)
  4. working contacts (canine guidance/group function) should be prevented from contacting by non-working interferences
60
Q

goals of occlusal equilibration

A
  1. improve functional esthetic relationships between maxillary and mandibular teeth
  2. eliminate TMD
61
Q

what evidence is neccessay to alter occlusion

A

evidence exists to support that the occlusal condition is an etiological factor

62
Q

treatment planning for occlusal therapy

A
  1. selective grinding
  2. fixed prosthodontics
  3. orthodontic therapy
  4. orthognathic surgery-move entire jaw
63
Q

rule of thirds

A

cusp touches 1/3 near fossa: selective grinding
cusp touches middle 1/3 of incline: fixed prosthodontics
cusp touches the other cusp of opposing tooth: Orthodontic treatment

64
Q

what factors influence treatment planning

A 
symptoms
Condition of the dentition
systemic health
esthetics
finances
65
Q

what determines if selective grinding can be accomplished within the confines of the enamel

A

the shorter the slides

being verticle slides (horizontal makes it difficult to eliminate within the confines of the enamel

66
Q

why do selective grinding on diagnostic casts

A

done first so you can see the final results

67
Q

Grinding for Non-working interferences

A

BULL

68
Q

Grinding for opening protrsive interferneces

A

DUML

69
Q

grinding for opening working interferences

A

LUBL

occlusion (8 decks)

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