Lectures 5-8 Flashcards
Definition of burnout
A psychological syndrome of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation and reduced sense of performance accomplishments
Example of burnout
Jonah Lomu
Always felt tired when he burned out
Three parts of burnout (Massachusetts and Jackson 1984)
Then three parts of burnout (Radeke, Lunney and Venables (2002)
Emotional exhaustion
Depersonalisation
Reduced sense of performance accomplishments
Physical, psychological and/or emotional exhaustion
Devaluation
Reduced sense of performance accomplishments
Definition of burnout in sport
A withdrawal (from sport) notes by a reduced sense of accomplishment, devaluation/resentment of sport, and physical/psychological exhaustion”
Creswell and Eklund created a questionnaire which can assess what?
Whether an athlete has/is experiencing burnout
Key characteristics of reduced sense of accomplishment
Mistakes,
Not playing too potential,
Low feelings of achievement
Key characteristics of sport devaluation
Not focussed on performance,
Sport no longer enjoyable
Loss of enthusiasm
Key characteristics of physical and emotional exhaustion
Inability to motivate self
Moody
Wanting to do nothing
Reasons that cause burnout
Anti-rest culture
Pressure to perform
Heavy training and playing load
How can you monitor burnout using self report measures?
Athlete burnout questionnaire (Radeke)
Maslach burnout inventory (Maslach)
Recovery stress questionnaire (Kellman)
How can you monitor burnout using self report measures of mood states?
Profile of mood states (McNair)
Positive and negative affect schedule (Watson)
How can you monitor burnout using other measures?
Appropriate recovery
Coach observation
Training diary
Pros and cons of using self report measures to monitor burnout
Simple
Easy
Constant assessment
Possibly inaccurate answers
Different perceptions of feelings
Pros and cons of using appropriate recovery to monitor burnout
Simply
Easy
Can be worked into a routine
Burnout could still occur if calculation incorrect
Individual differences in the amount of recovery required
Pros and cons of using coach observation to monitor burnout
Discover signs early
Athlete possibly unaware of symptoms
May benefit future athletes
Possibly inaccurate
May deliberately ignore symptoms
What is periodised training?
Expose athletes to high volume high intensity loads that are followed by a lower training load
What is overtraining
A syndrome that results when excessive, usually physical, overloads on an athlete occurs without adequate rest
What is staleness
A psychological state of overtraining which manifests as deteriorated athletic readiness
Why does burnout occur? (X4)
Entrapment theory (Radeke) Unidimensional identity development and external control model (Coakley) Negative training stress response model (Silva) Cognitive affective stress model (Smith)
What is entrapment theory?
Burnout occurs in athletes who feel “entrapped” by their sport. They no longer want to participate but feel that they must
What is the unidimensional identity development and external control model?
High performance sport can lead to the development of athletes whose identity is centred around only one aspect of life
High performance sport places athletes in a ‘bubble’ where external figures have control over decisions, rather than themselves
What is the Negative-Training Stress Response Model?
Training puts stress on an athlete physically and psychologically
This can be positive but in excess the response can be negative
What is the Cognitive-Affective Stress Model
4 stages: Situational demands Cognitive appraisal Physiological responses Behavioural responses
2 moderators:
Personality
Motivational factors
In the cognitive- affective stress model, cognitive appraisal can go two ways
Positive = cope
Negative = burnout