Lectures 5 - 7 Flashcards

1
Q

financial models

A

accurate, reliable simulations of relations among relevant costs and benefits that are useful in supporting business decisions

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2
Q

financial modelling objectives (3)

A

improve quality of decisions
allow responsive analysis
simulate accurately the relevant factors

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3
Q

BASIC CVP model

A

revenue = Var. Costs + F Costs + Income

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4
Q

at the breakeven point

A

income = 0 (revenue and expenses are equal)

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5
Q

Break even point

A

fixed expenses / unit contribution margin

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6
Q

Contribution margin ratio

A

contribution margin / sales

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7
Q

target income

A

fixed expenses + target income / unit contribution margin

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8
Q

operating leverage is

A

the risk of missing sales target

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9
Q

high operating leverage is

A

indicative of high committed costs like interest (small change in sales can lead to a loss)

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10
Q

Low operating leverage is

A

indicative of low committed costs

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11
Q

operating leverage factor

A

contribution margin / net income

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12
Q

Best case scenario

A

high price and high quantity with low costs

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13
Q

worst case scenario

A

low price and low quantity with high costs

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14
Q

most likely case scenario

A

most likely price and quantity and costs

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15
Q

Managing scarce resources

A

the contribution margin per unit of scarce resources should be maximised

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16
Q

pricing decisions

A

product costs
product life cycle
competitors
customers

17
Q

influences on prices

A

prices are determined by the market, subject to costs that must be covered in the long run

18
Q

life cycle costing

A

tracks costs attributable to each product from start to finish and provides important info for cost management and pricing

19
Q

linear programming

A

applied to production situations with multiple products

20
Q

Job costing

A

units of output are different
each unit has a high value
costs can be traced to the unit

21
Q

Process costing

A

units of output are homogenous
each unit has a low value
costs cant be traced back to the product

22
Q

Operation costing

A

is a hybrid often used for batches of similar products with different types of materials

23
Q

Basic cost flow model

A

BB + TI - TO = EB

24
Q

POHR formula

A

budgeted total manufacturing o/h cost for the coming year / budgeted total units in the allocation base for the coming period

25
Overhead applied =
POHR * Actual Activity
26
actual > applied
under applied
27
applied > actual
over applied
28
difference between applied and actual overhead
overhead variance
29
Job order costing for decision making
gives a quick overview of info to plan costs AND provides an overview of profitability of individual jobs
30
difference between absorption and variable costing
fixed manufacturing o/hd in absorption costing
31
job order costing in service organisations
similar to costing for manufacturing, most costs related to labour and o/hd
32
ethical considerations of job costs
misstating the stage of completion charging costs to the wrong job misrepresenting the cost of jobs
33
throughput costing
TC assigns only out of pocket spending for direct costs as the cost of products or service