Lectures 4,5, Remick Flashcards

1
Q

what is the center of rotation

A

a pivot point in the globe where motion of the EOMs is centered around

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2
Q

what is a 3rd nerve palsy

A

“down and out” and ptosis

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3
Q

what is a 4th nerve palsy

A

head tilt/turn

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4
Q

what is a 6th nerve palsy

A

looks like and eso-strabismus

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5
Q

what is line of sight

A

a line connecting the center of the eye and a point of fixation

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6
Q

where are saccades controlled in the brain

A

in the frontal lobe

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7
Q

where are pursuits controlled in the brain

A

in the occipital lobe

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8
Q

which test evaluates the 6 cardinal positions of each eye

A

the H pattern

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9
Q

what does the O-pattern test for

A

smooth pursuits (eye tracking movements)

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10
Q

what is end-point nystagmus

A

involuntary eye movements to and fro on far lateral gazes (can be normal)

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11
Q

what is latent nystagmus

A

induced by covering either eye, but absent otherwise

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12
Q

what is optokinetic nystagmus

A

induced by attempt to fixate objects rapidly moving in the visual field

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13
Q

what type of nystagmus is tested for during a field sobriety test

A

end point

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14
Q

what ages can amblyopia develop up to

A

6-8

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15
Q

why would a person develop amblyopia

A

the visual pathway doesn’t develop due to inadequate stimulation

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16
Q

what is the major cause of vision loss under age 45

A

amblyopia (about 2% of the population)

17
Q

what 3 things can cause amblyopia

A

form deprivation, optical defocus, strabismus

18
Q

what is form deprivation

A

physical obstructions (cataract, ptosis) the image cannot reach the retina

19
Q

when does form deprivation amblyopia occur

A

before age 8

20
Q

what are the 3 types of optical defocus

A

anisometropia, meridonal, and isoametropia

21
Q

how much aniso myopia can be tolerated before it can become amblyopia

A

up to 5.00 D

22
Q

how much aniso of hyperopia can be tolerated before amblyopia can occur

A

as little as 1.00 D

23
Q

what is meridonal amblyopia

A

uncorrected high astigmatism (at least 1.50-2.00)

24
Q

what is isoametropia amblyopia

A

equal but large refractive error, both eyes have reduced vision (20/40-20/50)

25
Q

how much myopia and hyperopia in isoametropia is associated with amblyopia

A

more than 5.00 D hyperopia and more than 8.00 D of myopia

26
Q

what is the most common cause of amblyopia

A

strabismus or an eye turn

27
Q

what is true vision

A

ability to understand, interpret, and get meaning from the visual information that come through our eyes

28
Q

why is NPC important in vision screenings

A

it can help identify children with C.I. and can be related to academic performance

29
Q

what is oculomotor dominance

A

the eye that does a better job at fixating on an object of regard under binocular conditions

30
Q

what is sensory dominance

A

when there is a disparity in the two retinal images that may lead to rivalry or binocular interaction