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PPO I > Lectures 1-3 > Flashcards

Lectures 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 types of visual acuity

A

detection, resolution, recognition, and direction

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2
Q

what type of visual acuity is used in vision screenings

A

resoultion

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3
Q

what is physical size measured in

A

mm or cm

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4
Q

what is visual size measured in

A

angular units or minarc/secarc

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5
Q

what is the critical detail

A

(visual size) or 1.0 minarc

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6
Q

what is the overall height

A

5 times the critical detail (1 x 5 = 1.00minarc)

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7
Q

how big is a basic target at 20ft

A

8.73mm

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8
Q

if the test distance changes from the standard distance, does the physical size of the target change

A

it changes

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9
Q

if the test distance changes from the standard distance, does the visual size of the target change

A

no, it stays the same, (overall height 5.00 minarc and critical detail is 1.00 minarc)

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10
Q

what do you get with the reciprocal of the snellen fraction

A

the visual size of the critical detail in minarc (20/40 - 40/20= 2.00 minarc)

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11
Q

what is the most common type of anisometropia in children

A

hyperopia

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12
Q

will accommodation help myopia or hyperopia

A

hyperopia

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13
Q

what is manifest hyperopia

A

what is present in a normal eye exam with + lenses in front of eye

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14
Q

what is latent hyperopia

A

what shows up after cyclo refraction

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15
Q

what is total hyperopia

A

latent + manifest

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16
Q

what is facultative hyperopia

A

appears to be 20/20 but is accommodating at distance

17
Q

what is regular astigmatism

A

separated by 90 degrees, easily corrected

18
Q

what is irregular astigmatism

A

separated by other than 90 degrees apart, poorly corrected

19
Q

what is muscle tone in the EOMs

A

pulls the eyes straight ahead, but not the exact amount

20
Q

what do the EOMs do to make the eyes straight

A

they are directed by the brain to make up for what the muscle tone lacks

21
Q

where does the neural signal from each retina combine from the eyes

A

primary visual cortex

22
Q

where does fusion occur

A

in the neocortex

23
Q

what is sensory fusion

A

similar targets, similar retinal images, similar locations, properly functioning CNS and motor fusion

24
Q

what is motor fusion

A

machinery that controls the contraction of the EOM’s and they are lined up (CNS + cranial nerves + EOMS)

25
Q

what is the fusional system

A

it makes up for any misalignment left over after muscle tone (difference between local sign of initial image and fovea)

26
Q

what is the most common cause of reduced vision in children

A

amblyopia

27
Q

how to you convert snellen 20/80 to LogMAR

A

80/20 = 4.00 minarc then Log (4) = 0.6

28
Q

what is the LogMAR of a 20/20 target

A

0.00

29
Q

how do you convert LogMAR +0.20 to snellen

A

10^0.2 = 1.585 then 1.585 x 20 = 31.7

PPO I (3 decks)

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