Lectures 3-7

Question 1

Surveillance systems

Answer 1

• Passive Surveillance - relies on healthcare system to follow regulations on required reportable disease/conditions (passively wait for reports to come in) - Active Surveillance - public health officials go into communities to search for new disease/condition cases - Syndromic Surveillance (acute and severe) - a system that looks for pre-defined signs/symptoms of patients related to trackable-but-rare diseases/conditions

Question 2

Induction

Answer 2

Time between exposure and onset of disease

Question 3

Latency

Answer 3

Time between onset of disease and disease detection (symptoms or diagnosis)

Question 4

Case definition

Answer 4

• A set of uniform criteria used to define disease/condition for public health surveillance - Enable public health to classify and count cases consistently by reporting across jurisdictions

Question 5

Epidemic

Answer 5

• Occurrence of disease clearly in excess of normal expectancy - community/period clearly defined - goal is to capture disease as early as possible

Question 6

Outbreak (cluster)

Answer 6

• An epidemic limited to a localized increase in the occurrence of disease

Question 7

Endemic

Answer 7

• Constance presence of a disease within a given area or population in excess of normal levels in other areas

Question 8

Emergency of international concern

Answer 8

• An epidemic that alerts the world to the need for high vigilance (pre-pandemic)

Question 9

Pandemic

Answer 9

• An epidemic spread world-wide (global health) - multinational/multi-continent

Question 10

Epidemic curve

Answer 10

• A visual time-based description created during an outbreak/epidemic # of cases by date of reporting (Look at slides)

Question 11

3 key factors in comparing measures of disease freq. between groups

Answer 11

• # of people affected/impacted (frequency/count) - Size of the source population or those at risk - Length of time the population is followed (pop. size and time period of evaluation must be equal to adequately and appropriately compare between groups)

Question 12

Incidence

Answer 12

of new cases of illness/# of people at RISK for illness

Question 13

Incidence rate

Answer 13

of new cases of illness/person-time at risk for disease

Question 14

Incidence density

Answer 14

of new cases/total person-time of pop. at risk

Question 15

Prevalence

Answer 15

of existing cases of a disease/# of persons in pop.

Question 16

Point prevalence

Answer 16

• Prevalence at a given point in time (ex. Dec 31st)

Question 17

Period prevalence

Answer 17

• Prevalence over a given period of time (during 2012)

Question 18

Infectivity

Answer 18

• Ability to invade host # infected/# at risk (exposed)

Question 19

Pathogenicity

Answer 19

• Ability to cause clinical disease # clinical disease/# infected

Question 20

Virulence

Answer 20

• Ability to cause death # of dead/# of infected

Question 21

What type of Outbreak does this Graph show?

Answer 21

Intermittent Outbreak/Common/Point Source

Question 22

What type of Outbreak does this graph show?

Answer 22

Common/Point Source

Question 23

What type of Outbreak Does this Graph Show?

Answer 23

Propagated (Person-to-Person Transmission)