lectures 27-28

Question 1

What is transformation?

Answer 1

to change from benign to malignant

Question 2

what does “activation” refer to?

Answer 2

to convert a proto-oncogene into an oncogene

Question 3

Most malignant cells contain a single mutation. True or false?

Answer 3

False; most cancers are successful because they contain several mutations

Question 4

Genetic instability refers to:

Answer 4

the increasing frequency of mutational events in a tumor cells genome

Question 5

Tumor suppressor genes require a mutation in both alleles in order for it to contribute to cancer progression. True or false?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

For onco-genes, you only have to mutate one of the alleles for it to contribute to cancer progression. True or false?

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Nondisjunction refers to:

Answer 7

loss of a chromosome due to failure of sister chromatids to separate

Question 8

What type of mutation does P53 require?

Answer 8

Loss of function

Question 9

What time of mutation does MDM2 require?

Answer 9

Gain of function

Question 10

What type of mutation does myc require?

Answer 10

Gain of function

Question 11

What type of mutation doe ABL require?

Answer 11

Gain of function

Question 12

What type of mutation produces Bcr-Abl?

Answer 12

Translocation

Question 13

What type of mutation does HER-2 require?

Answer 13

Gain of function

Question 14

What type of mutation causes overexpression of HER-2?

Answer 14

Amplification

Question 15

What type of mutation does BRCA require?

Answer 15

loss of function

Question 16

What type of mutation does ATM require?

Answer 16

loss of function

Question 17

do you inherit oncogenes?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

do you inherit tumor suppressor genes?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

what type of mutation does Bcl-2 require?

Answer 19

gain of function

Question 20

What does antisense technology target?

Answer 20

mRNA