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Y1 Materials and Manufacturing - Sem 1 > Lectures 12-14 > Flashcards

Lectures 12-14 Flashcards

1
Q

Iron is allotropic meaning that Iron has

A

more than one crystal structure

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2
Q

Pure iron below approx. 912C has what type of structure?

A

BCC - body centred cubic

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3
Q

Pure iron between approx. 912C and 1394C has what type of structure?

A

FCC - face centred cubic

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4
Q

Changes in the crystal structure of the metal canaffect what other feature of that metal?

A

Volume

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5
Q

On the Iron-Iron Carbide phase diagrams, alpha is known as

A

Ferrite

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6
Q

On the Iron-Iron Carbide phase diagrams, gamma is known as

A

Austentite

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7
Q

On the Iron-Iron Carbide phase diagrams, beta is known as

A

Beta ferrite

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8
Q

Fe3Cis known as

A

cementite

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9
Q

Fe3C has a specific composition. What category does this fall into?

A

Intermediate compound

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10
Q

Fe3C is a solid solution. Which type of solid solution is it?

A

Interstitial solid solution - C atoms are between the lattice of Fe atoms

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11
Q

Commonly, steel has —– wt% to —– wt% C

A

0.008 ~ 2.14

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12
Q

Low carbon steel as it is, is usually

A

soft and weak

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13
Q

Medium carbon steel as it is, is usually

A

high strength and wear resistant

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14
Q

High carbon steel as it is, is usually

A

hardest and strongest

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15
Q

Eutectic Austentite that is cooled below the eutectoid temp forms what

A

ferrite and cementite

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16
Q

Below the eutectoid temp the structure of the metal is lamellae with layers of alpha ferrite and Fe3C Cementite. What is this structure known as?

A

Pearlite

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17
Q

Name the two types of pearlite you are able to get

A

Coarse and fine

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18
Q

What affects the thickness of the lamellae in pearlite?

A

Cooling rate

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19
Q

Very slow cooling of austentite results in the pearlite to come out with

A

thicker layers in the lamellae formed

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20
Q

Slightly faster cooling of austentite results in the pearlite to come out with

A

thinner layers in the lamellae formed

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21
Q

At room temperature, hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid alloys consist of

A

regions of pearlite and ferrite

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22
Q

Hypoeutectoid alloys have contiuous areas of —– that give it ductility

A

ferrite

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23
Q

Increasing the C content in hypoeutectoid alloys results in a higher proportion of —-. Which leads to?

A

pearlite, leads to increased strength and reduced ductility

24
Q

Increasing the C content in hypereutectoid alloys results in a higher proportion of —-. Which leads to?

A

cementite, leads to increased hardness but can lead to reduced strength due to more brittle

25
Q

Hypereutectoid alloys have areas of —– that give it hardness, but is also —–

A

cementite, brittle

26
Q

Spheroidise annealing is used generally for —– alloys

A

hypereutectic

27
Q

Spheroidising improves —– and prepares the metal for forming and machining by —–

A

ductility, softening

28
Q

How do you spheroidise steel?

A

Heated to 30C degrees below the eutectoid temp, for 15-25 hrs.

29
Q

What structure in the steel restructures during spheroidising? What shapes do they become?

A

The cementite restructures to become spheres

30
Q

Normalising leads to what kind of grain structure

A

a fine grain structure

31
Q

If you would like to cold work a piece, should it go through normalising or full annealing?

A

Full annealing

32
Q

If you would like to cold work a piece, should it go through normalising or full annealing?

A

Normalising

33
Q

Normalising a alloy, how is it cooled

A

In air

34
Q

Full annealing of an alloy, how is it cooled

A

Very slowly in a furnace

35
Q

To harden steel, how is it cooled?

A

Rapidly in water or oil

36
Q

What is quenching

A

Cooling rapidly, in oil or water

37
Q

The rapid cooling of steel via quenching leads to

A

slight deformation in the crystal structure

38
Q

Martensite is

A

steel with a high C content that has lead to deformation

39
Q

Tempering of steel is when

A

the hardened steel is reheated to temps around 200-650C degrees

40
Q

Rank in hardness from highest to lowest;

tempered martensite, fine pearlite, martensite

A

martensite, tempered martensite, fine pearlite

41
Q

What test is used to determine a materials hardenability?

A

Jominy-end test (water sprayed on a small nail looking thing)

42
Q

Hardenability is the rating of

A

how uniformly hardened an alloy can be from cooling

43
Q

Stainless steel is highly resistant because

A

there is a thin Chromium oxide layer that forms on the surface

44
Q

Cast iron has a much lower melting point than steels. Therefore is is good for

A

casting processes

45
Q

Name the three main groups of stainless steel

A
  • Ferritic
  • Austentitic
  • Martensitic
46
Q

Pure Aluminium is approx. —- the density of steel

A

1/3

47
Q

2 good properties of Copper

A
  • high electrical conductivity
  • good corrosion resistance
48
Q

How can coppers strength be improved?

A

Alloy the copper

49
Q

Brass is the alloy made out of

A

copper and zinc

50
Q

Bronze is the alloy formed from

A

copper and tin

51
Q

4 natural good features about the properties of titianium alloys

A
  • High corrosion resistance
  • High strength to weight ratio
  • High melting point
  • Highly ductile
52
Q

Titanium alloys can easily be —– for special applications

A

alloyed

53
Q

Titanium alloys can also be used in the medical industry. This is known as

A

biocompatible

54
Q

2 main pros of Magnesium alloys

A
  • Extremely light weight
  • Low density
55
Q

Magnesium alloys can be hazardous to work with due to its

A

high reactivity

56
Q

Nickel alloys show good

A

corrosion resistance

57
Q

Superalloys can prevent dislocation slip by

A

having other elements added to it to create second phase particles

Y1 Materials and Manufacturing - Sem 1 (8 decks)

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