Lectures 1-6 Jans 1st part Flashcards
Explain what arbuscular mycorrhiza are and why they are important,
Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) are fungi in plant species that absorb nutrients such an nitrogen, sulphur for metabolic pathways for the plants to survive
Explain how microbes play a central role in coral reefs.
Microbes in the coral reefs absorb the CO2 which lowers the pH and assist polyp in CaCO3 formation.
Give an example of an animal that rely on microbials and why
Herbivores would not be able to digest cellulose without the help of microbes in the rumen of their stomach. These microbes break down cellulose for digestion
Describe the ways in which microbes contribute to nutrient cycles
Microbials decompose organic material into inorganic material, this includes nitrogen fixation, carbon breakdown.
Why do we need to restrict microbial growth
Prevent spoilage and disease
List four ways in which microbial growth is restricted
Autoclaving, Pasteurising, Pressure and UV
Difference between antimicrobial drugs and antimicrobial chemical drugs
Antimicrobial drugs include penicellin and antibiotics, where antimicrobial chemical drugs are Antiseptics, sterilises etc.
How is energy stored and released in the cell
Energy can be stored and released in the cell by ATP -ADP conversions and Proton gradients.
Definition of reduction potential
The ability to acquire electrons and therefore be reduced
Definition of Proton Motive force
The force that promotes the movement of protons across the membrane against the gradient
Differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes are the oldest cell type, replicate fast, are single celled and they lack nucleus and membrane bound organelles. They can live in harsher conditions than Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes, single or multi-cellular and larger, contain nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Similarities of Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Both have DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm and have plasma membrane. Both replicate.
