Lectures 1-3 (Properties of Biological Molecules) Flashcards
Covalent bonds are [stronger/weaker] than noncovalent interactions.
Stronger
Covalent bond length is [shorter/longer] than noncovalent interactions.
Shorter
Describe the connectivity of covalent bonds.
Share electrons
Describe the connevtivity of noncovalent interactions.
Attraction only
Bond between monomers of proteins.
Peptide
Bond between monormers of carbohydrates.
Glycosidic
Bond between monomers of lipids.
Ester
Bond between monomers of nucleic acids.
Phosphodiester
How is bond strength measured?
In terms of energy needed to break bonds (i.e. can be dependent on bond length)
Examples of charge-charge interaction.
Ionic bonds (i.e. NaCl), salt bridges (i.e. interaction between 2 AA in a protein)
In a vacuum, how would you measure how attractive two ions are to each other?
Coulomb’s Law
Equation for Coulomb’s Law
Where F = Force between ions in Newtons; q = Ion charges in Coulombs, k = 8.85 x 10-12 C2/J*m; r = distance between nuclei
In a biological environment, what must be accounted for when measuring how attractive two ions are to each other?
Relative permittvity
Equation for measuring that attraction of two ions in a biological environment.
Where D = Dielectric constant
Equation for measuring energy of interactions.
Qualitative interpretation of F>0 (i.e. in terms of Coulomb’s Law).
Ions are repulsed
Qualitative interpretation of F<0 (i.e. in terms of Coulomd’s Law).
Ions attract
Qualitative interpretation of E<0 (i.e. in terms of energy of interaction equation).
Attraction
Qualitative interpretation of E>0 (i.e. in terms of energy of interaction equation).
Not considered
Nature of interaction of hydrogen bonds.
Share a hydrogen atom/proton.
Type of bonds with the shortest bond length.
Covalent bonds
Type of bonds with the strongest bond energy.
Covalent bonds
Type of bonds with the lowest bond energies.
Van der Waals interactions
What is the optimal phase state for H-bonding of water?
Solid (i.e low temperature, low motion/energy)
At what point can water no longer form H-bonds?
When it is a gas
List waters four unqiue properties.
Solid density < liquid density, changing temperature is difficult, strong surface tension, and universal solvent.
Amount of heat energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of a given substrate by ±1 °C.
Specific heat capacity (i.e. why the ocean does not freeze)
The amount to energy needed to change 1 g of a given substance from a liquid to a gas.
Heat of vaporization (i.e. why sweating removes body heat)
Property of water that permits surface tension.
Cohesion of water
Properties of water that permits capillary action.
Both adhesion and cohesion
The breaking/making of chemical bonds.
Chemical reactions
Noncovalent interactions - Energy is [used/released] to break bonds; energy is [used/released] when bonds are formed
Used; Released
Covalent interactions - Energy is [used/released] when bonds are broken, energy is [used/released] when bonds are formed.
Released; Used
True/False: Equilibrium means equal concentrations.
False
Dissociation constant (Ka) equation.
Equation for pKa.
The larger the Ka the [weaker/stronger] the acid.
Stronger
The larger the pKa the [weaker/stronger] the acid.
Weaker
[Weaker/Stronger] acids have a larger energy of interaction than its counterpart.
Weaker
