Lecture 9 (Enzymes I - Substrate Binding)

Question 1

Reaction, swapping of functional groups

Answer 1

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 2

Reaction, adding of a functional group

Answer 2

Nucleophilic addition

Question 3

Reaction, changing the # of carbons

Answer 3

Carbonyl condensation

Question 4

Reaction, changing (i.e. increasing) bond order

Answer 4

Elimination

Question 5

Reaction, moving electrons

Answer 5

oxidation-reduction

Question 6

Enzyme class, involved in oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 6

Oxidoreductase

Question 7

Enzyme class, involved in hydrolysis reactions (i.e. the transfer of functional groups to water

Answer 7

Hydrolases

Question 8

Enzyme class, involved in group transfers

Answer 8

Transferases

Question 9

Enzyme class, involved in the addition/removal of group to form double bonds

Answer 9

Lyases

Question 10

Enzyme class, involved in intramolecular group transfers

Answer 10

Isomerases

Question 11

Enzyme class, involved in the ligation of two substrates at the expense of ATP hydrolysis

Answer 11

Ligases

Question 12

NADH, NADPH, FADH₂, and FMND are activated carriers/coenzymes of which enzyme class?

Answer 12

Oxidoreductases

Question 13

Building blocks of NADH and NADPH

Answer 13

Vitamin B₃ and Adenine

Question 14

Building blocks of FADH₂ and FMNH₂

Answer 14

Vitamin B₂ and Adenine

Question 15

In catabolic reactions, dehydrogenases oxidize their substrate and use […].

Answer 15

NAD⁺

Question 16

In anabolic reactions, reductases reduce their substrate and use […].

Answer 16

NADPH

Question 17

NADH and NADPH carry […] electrons meanwhile FADH₂ and FMNH₂ carry […] electrons.

Answer 17

One; Two

Question 18

ATP, pyridoxal phosphate, SAM, tetrahydrofolate, 5’-deoxyadenosylcobalmin are activated carriers/coenzymes of which enzyme class?

Answer 18

Transferases

Question 19

Building blocks of ATP and pyridoxal phosphate.

Answer 19

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Vitamin B₆

Question 20

ATP and pyridoxal phosphate are transferases, what functional group do they transfer?

Answer 20

Phosphate (i.e. both has phospate in their name)

Question 21

Building blocks of SAM, tetrahydrofolate, 5’-deoxyadenosylcobalamin.

Answer 21

Methione and adenine

Question 22

SAM, tetrahydrofolate, and 5’-deoxyadenosyclobalamin are transferases, what functional group do they transfer?

Answer 22

Methyl (i.e. SAM is the primary methyl donor in cells)

Question 23

Vitamin […] is a glutamate derivate, is sold a folic acid and donates a methyl from methyltetrahydrofolate.

Answer 23

B₉

Question 24

Vitamin […] is metabolically active as 5’-deoxyadenosycobalamin or methylcobalamin and contains cobalt.

Answer 24

B₁₂

Question 25

TPP, CoASH, lipoamide, and biotin are activated carriers/coenzymes for which class of enzymes?

Answer 25

Ligases

Question 26

Building blocks of CoASH.

Answer 26

Vitamin B₅ and adenine

Question 27

Building blocks of lipoamide.

Answer 27

A fatty acid derivative and lysine

Question 28

Activated carriers/coenzymes involved in the movement of acyl groups (i.e. ligases)

Answer 28

CoASH and lipoamide

Question 29

Building blocks of TPP

Answer 29

Vitamin B₁ and 2 phosphates

Question 30

Activated carrier/coenzyme involved in the movement of aldehyde groups (i.e. ligase)

Answer 30

TPP

Question 31

Activated carrier/coenzyme involved in the movement of carbon dioxides (i.e. ligase)

Answer 31

Biotin

Question 32

In terms of cooperativity: n_h = 1 means

Answer 32

No cooperativity (i.e. therefore sites are independent)

Question 33

In terms of cooperativity: n_h > 1 means

Answer 33

Positive cooperativity that is affinity increases

Question 34

In terms of cooperativity: 0< n_h < 1 means

Answer 34

Negative cooperativity that is affinity decreases