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lecturen6 Chemical Messengers Flashcards

1
Q

Intracellular Communication

A
  • Cells communicating with eachother
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2
Q

Types of intercellular communication

A
  1. Direct
    - Gap junctions: pores (connexons) connecting adajacent cells together
  2. Indirect
    - communicate with chemical messengers
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3
Q

classifications of chemical messengers

A
  1. Functional
  2. chemical Properties
  3. chemical class
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4
Q

What are the different Functional Classification’s

A
  1. paracrine
  2. neurotransmitters
  3. hormones
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5
Q

Paracrine

A

chemicals that communicate with neighboring cells (tissue) level

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6
Q

Distance of Paracrine

A

Short

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7
Q

Mode of transportation for Paracrine

A

diffusion

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8
Q

What does the paracrine include

A

Autocrine: chemicals that act on same cell that secrete them

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9
Q

Examples of Paracrine

A

growth factors, clotting factors, cytokines

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10
Q

What are Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical released neurons —> synapse—> target cell

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11
Q

Distance of neurotransmitter

A

Short

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12
Q

Mode of transportation of neurotransmitter?

A

diffusion

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13
Q

Examples of neurotransmitter??

A

acetlycholine; nuerotransmitter triggers mucsle cell for contraction (autonomic)

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14
Q

Hormones

A

Chemicals released from endocrine glands or neurosecretary neuron –> ISF –> Blood

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15
Q

Distance of hormones

A

Long

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16
Q

Mode of transportation of Hormones

A

Blood

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17
Q

Chemical properties classification

A
  1. Lipophilic: Lipid soluble (nonpolar), Act on receptors inside the cell
  2. Lipophobic: usually water soluble (polar), acts on receptos on cell membrane
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18
Q

Chemical classes

A
  1. Amino Acids
  2. Amine
  3. Peptides and proteins
  4. steroids
  5. Eicosanoid
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19
Q

Amino Acids

A

Basic monomer for protein

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20
Q

Chemical property of Amino Acids

A

lipophobic (membrane)

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21
Q

Functional classification of Amino acids

A

neurotransmitter (NT)

22
Q

Examples of Amino Acids

A

glutamate, aspartate, glycine, GABA

23
Q

Amine

A

derived from Amino acids , contains NH2 group

24
Q

Chemical property of Amine

A

Lipophobic generally (except for thyroid hormone)

25
Q

Functional classification of Amine

A

Paracrine, NT Hormones

26
Q

Examples of Anime

A

dopamine, serotnin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, histamine, thyroid hormones

27
Q

Peptide and protons

A

chain of amino acids , most common lipophobic

28
Q

Functional classification of peptides and protons

A

paracrine, NT, hormones

29
Q

Examples of Peptides and Protons

A

cytokines, variety of NT and hormones

30
Q

Steroids

A

Derived from cholesterol

31
Q

What is the chemical property of Steroids

A

lipophilic

32
Q

Functional classification of steroids

33
Q

Examples of steroids

A

tertosterone, cortisol, aldosterone, progesterone

34
Q

Eicosanoids

A

Derived from arachidonic acid (Fatty acid)

35
Q

Chemical property of Eicosanoid

A

lipophilic

36
Q

Functional classification of Eicosanoid

37
Q

Examples of Eicosanoid

A

prostaglandin, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, leukotriene

38
Q

Signal Transduction Mechanism ?

A
  1. Source releases aligand (chemical messenger)
  2. travels to target cell
  3. Ligand binds to receptors on/in target cell –> functional change
39
Q

Properties of cell receptors

A
  1. Messenger Specific
  2. Multiple receptor types present on and on cell
  3. more interactions –> greater the effect
40
Q

Factors affecting interactions

A
  1. messenger concentration
  2. number of receptors
  3. affinity
41
Q

Intracellular mediated response

A

Receptors: inside the cell
messenger: lipophilic
Response: gene activation or inhibition

42
Q

Effects in intracellular mediated response

A
  1. slow –> protein synthesis takes time

2. Long lasting –> proteins last awhile

43
Q

Membrane receptor mediated response

A

Receptors on membrane

messenger: Lipophobic

44
Q

Categories of membrane receptors

A
  1. channel- linked
  2. Enzymes - linked
  3. G - protein linked
45
Q

Channel - Linked

A

Receptor also acts as a channel

Response: opens channel in membrane

46
Q

Enzyme Linked

A

Receptor: also acts as an intracellular enzyme
Response: activates enzyme

47
Q

G protein Linked

A

Receptor linked to a group of proteins ( g Protein) in membrane

(moves laterally)

48
Q

G protein linked Response

A

Response activates g protien —> activates another membrane bound protein

49
Q

Second Messenger

A

Intracellular Molecule produced/ entered as a response to an extracellular messenger
- can amplify a signal

50
Q

Examples of Second Messenger

A

Ca2, cyclic AMP (cAMP)

51
Q

Long distance Communication

A

Required to regulate all body activities

52
Q

what is long distance communucation regulated by

A
  1. Endocrine System: Releasing of hormones into blood
    - Effects moderatly slow
  2. Nervous System: Signal target cells through NT
    - effects are fast (1/100 o a sec)

physio Exam 2 (5 decks)

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