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physio Exam 2 > lecture 7 endocrine system > Flashcards

lecture 7 endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine system

A

organs that secrete hormones through or by blood stream.

  • controls the function of other target organs
  • long distance communication
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2
Q

Primary endocrine organs

A
  1. Hypothalamus
  2. pituitary gland (dependent on hypothalamus)
  3. pineal gland
  4. thyroid and para thyroid
  5. thymus
  6. adrenal gland (associated w/ kidneys)
  7. Pancreas
  8. testes and ovaries
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3
Q

Hypothalamus structure

A

neural secretary cells and nuclei that connect to pitutary gland

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4
Q

Neural secretory Cells

A

neurons that secrete hormones at the axon terminal

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5
Q

Function of Hypothalamus

A

controls release of pituitary hormones

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6
Q

what does the hypothalamus secrete

A

releasing and inhibiting of tropic hormones to the pituitary glands

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7
Q

Tropic Hormone

A

secreted from one gland and causes another gland to secrete

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8
Q

Hypothalamus connections

A

Posterior Pitutary

Anterior Pituitary

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9
Q

Hypothalamus Posterior Pituitary (PP) Connection

A
  1. neurons in hyothalamus synthesize and secrete hormones
  2. hormones stored in terminal vessicle (in PP)
  3. When stimulated the veissicles release hormones in the capillary beds of PP
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10
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the hypothalamus PP connection

A

Supraoptic nucleus: releases oxytocin

Paraventrcular nucleus: releases antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

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11
Q

Hypothalamus anterior pituitary (AP) connection

A

Portal system

  1. stiulated neurosecretory cells release hormones in 1st capillary bed
  2. 1st capillary bed –> portal vein –> 2nd capillary bed (in AP)
  3. hormones exit 2nd capillary bed –> stimulate AP endocrine cells
  4. AP endocrine cells secrete hormones in capillaries
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12
Q

Pituitary Gland incudes

A
  1. posterior

2. anterior

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13
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland Structure

A

neural tissue (axon terminals) from hypothalamus

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14
Q

Posterior Pituitary Gland Secretes what ?

A

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)or vasopressin
Targets : Kidney
Results in: water reabosorption

Oxytocin
Targets : uterus and breasts
Results: Uterine contraction , milk expulsion

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15
Q

Anterior Pituitary Gland Structure

A

Epithelial Tissue

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16
Q

What does the Anterior Pituitary Gland secrete

A
  1. Prolactic
  2. Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH)
  3. Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)
  4. growth hormone (GH)
  5. lutenizing hormone (LH)
  6. follice stimulating hormone (FSH)
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17
Q

Prolactin

A

Controlled by hypothalamus
acts on breasts
results in: milk secretion / production, mammary gland development

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18
Q

What are the two types of Prolactin

A

Prolactin Releasing hormone (PRH)
Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH) or dopamine

both controlled in hypothalamus

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19
Q

TSH

A

Thyroid Stimulating hormone (AP hormone)
Controlled by the hypothalamus
Thyrotropin releasing hormone: causes the release of TSH
Acts on thyroid
Results : release of thyroid hormones—> metabolism

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20
Q

ACTH

A 
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (AP)
Controlled by the hypothalamus
corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
Acts on Adrenal Gland 
results: release  glycocorticoids--> stress responses
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21
Q

GH

A

Growth Hormone (AP )
Controlled by hypothalamus
1. Growth Hormone : releasing hormone ( GRH)
2. Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH) or somatostatin
- Acts on Liver, cells
-Results: Release insulin like growith factors (Liver), signals growth metabolism cells

22
Q

LH

A 
Luteinizing Hormone 
controlled by the hypothalamus 
Gonadtropin Hormone (GnRH)
Acts on ovaries and Testes
Results: ovulation, secretion of sex hormones
23
Q

FSH

A 
Follicle Stimulating Hormone 
Controlled by the hypothalamus 
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GNRH)
Acts: on ovaries and testes 
Results: development of egg and sperm
24
Q

Pineal Gland Structure

A

Epithelial Tissue in brain

25
Q

What does the pineal gland secrete

A

Melatonin

26
Q

What does the Pineal gland regulate

A

Regulates circadian rhythm

27
Q

Thyroid structure

A

Butterfly structure , ventral surface of trachea

28
Q

What does the Thyroid secrete

A
  • Tetraoidothyronine (T4): and Triodothyronine (T3)

- Calcitonin

29
Q

What is the thyroid responsible for

A
  1. T3/T4: in crease metabolism

2. calcitonin: Lowers Calcium levels in blood, deposition / deposit om bone

30
Q

Parathyroid structure

A

4 small glands behind the thyroid

31
Q

What does Parathyroid secrete?

A

parathyroid hormone ( PTH)

32
Q

What is Parathyroid responsible for

A

Increase blood Ca+2 (calcium) levels

33
Q

What is thymus structure ?

A

Two lobed gland in front of the heart

34
Q

What does the thymus secrete

A

Thymosin

35
Q

what is the thymus responsible

A

T cell functional regulation

36
Q

Adrenal Gland Structure

A

Multi layered glands above the kidneys

  1. cortex
  2. medulla
37
Q

Cortex

A

Outer layer

38
Q

what does the Cortex secrete

A
  1. mineral corticoids
  2. glucocorticoids
  3. androgens
39
Q

what is the responsibility of the cortex?

A
  1. Mineral corticoids : stimulate reabsorption of sodium ( NA+
  2. glucocorticoids: Catabolism of fats and proteins raise blood glucose , stress response
  3. Androgens: promotes sex drive
40
Q

Medulla

A

inner core

41
Q

What does the medulla secrete

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

42
Q

what is the the medulla responsible for?

A

increased heart rate , mobilization of energy sources

43
Q

Pancreas structure

A

exocrine and endocrine gland below stomach

  1. Exocrine cells: acinor cells
  2. Endocrine cells: islets of langerhans
44
Q

Exocrine Cells

A

Secrete enzymes to GI tract

45
Q

Endocrine Cells

A

Alpha cells

46
Q

what do endocrine cells secrete

A

glucagon

47
Q

what are is the function of endocrine cells

A

raise blood glucosem glycogenolysis, glucogensis
Beta cells:
- secrete insulin
- Results lowers blood glucose promotes energy
storage
Delta cells:
- secrete: somatostatin
- results: inhibits secretion of pancreatic hormone
F Cells:
- secrete” pacreatic polypeptide
- results: inhibits pacreatic exocrine secretions

48
Q

what do testes secrete

A

androgens

49
Q

what are the testes responsible for

A

sperm production, sex drive, secondary sex characteristics

50
Q

what do the ovaries secrete

A

estrogens

51
Q

What are the ovaries responsible for

A

follicular development secondary sex characteristics

physio Exam 2 (5 decks)

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