Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience > Lecture Week 1 > Flashcards

Lecture Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the clear film which is outside the brain?

A

The meningies which protect the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two main thing which the brain mainly consists though?

A

Water and lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does cortex mean?

A

Surface or ‘bark’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the top of the brain called?

A

The dorsal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is the brain soft or hard?

A

It is very soft.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the front-back called in terms of brain orientation?

A

rostral-caudal (front-back) or anterior-posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the toward/top/at back - under/belly/front in brain orientation?

A

Dorsal-ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is bottom-top in terms of brain orientation?

A

Inferior-superioir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Looking at the brain from side on, what is the horizontal cut called?

A

The horizontal plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If you cut a brain from one ear to the other (vertical) called?

A

The frontal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the cut called from the forehead to the back of the head (vertical)?

A

The sagittal plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would the cut be called if it was horizontally cut on the brain stem?

A

A cross section.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the central nervous system?

A

The brain and the spinal chord?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the nervous system which is not the CNS?

A

The peripheral nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two subsections of the peripheral nervous system?

A

The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does afference mean?

A

coming into the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does efference mean?

A

coming away from the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the two subsections of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Afference and efferent.
Efferent:
sympathetic nervous system and
parasympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name the (5) subdivisions of the spinal chord from top to bottom.

A
  1. cervical
  2. thoracic
  3. lumbar
  4. sacral and
  5. coccygeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the three main subdivisions of the CNS?

A
  1. forebrain
  2. midbrain
  3. hindbrain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the forebrain?

A
  1. telencephalon

2. diencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the 1 subdivision of the midbrain?

A
  1. mesencephalon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 2 subdivisions of the hindbrain?

A
  1. metencephalon

2. myelencephalon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The forebrain has two subdivisions; the telencephalon and the diencephalon. What are the three subdivisions of the telencephalon?

A
  1. cerebral cortex
  2. basal ganglia
  3. limbic System
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The midbrain has a subdivision called the mesencephalon. What are the two subdivisions of this?

A
  1. tectum

2. tegmentum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The hindbrain has two subdivisions; the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. What is the subdivisions of the metencephalon?

A
  1. The cerebellum and

2. the pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The forebrain has two subdivisions; the telencephalon and the diencephalon. What are the three subdivisions of the diencephalon?

A
  1. thalamus

2. hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The hindbrain has two subdivisions; the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. What is the subdivision of the myelencephalon?

A
  1. medulla oblongata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the valley called in the brain at the centre?

A

Central sulcus, and on either side is the precentral and post central gyrus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the top back part lobe called on the brain?

A

The parietal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the back bottom lobe called?

A

The occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the Valley called which runs through the mid centre of the brain?

A

The lateral sulcus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is one of the most lateralised function of the brain?

A

language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the hills called in the brain?

A

gyrus

35
Q

What is the longitudinal fissure?

A

Separates the two hemispheres of the brain.

36
Q

What is the central fissure?

A

Separates the frontal lobe to the parietal, almost in the centre of the brain

37
Q

What is the lateral fissure?

A

The indentation delineating the temporal lobe.

38
Q

What is the parietal occipital fissure?

A

Separates the parietal from the occipital lobe

39
Q

What are the ‘planes’ of the folds ?

A

The sulcus

40
Q

What are the ‘hills’ of the brain ?

A

The gyrus

41
Q

If we were to unfold the human brain, what size would it be?

A

Around 1 square meter

42
Q

What are the six cortical layers of the cortex from the top to the bottom?

A
  1. Molecular layer
  2. external granule cell layer
  3. external pyramidal cell layer
  4. internal granule cell layer
  5. internal pyramidal cell layer
  6. multiform layer
43
Q

What are the two major language areas?

A

Broca’s area and Wernickes area

44
Q

Where is Broca’s area located?

A

In the frontal cortex

45
Q

Where is Wernickes area located?

A

In the temporal lobe

46
Q

What are some components of the prefrontal cortex?

A

personality, long-term planning, judgement, complicated learning abilities, human features

47
Q

What happens if we have disease in the prefrontal cortex?

A

loss of judgement, aggression, lack of social awareness, personality disorders, mood swings

48
Q

What are the order of pons, medulla, thalamus, spinal chord and midbrain from top to bottom?

A
  1. thalamus
  2. midbrain
  3. pons
  4. medula
  5. spinal chord
49
Q

What does thalamus mean?

A

Inner chamber of the brain

50
Q

Where is the thalamus located?

A

In the forebrain

51
Q

What is the central role of the thalamus

A

early processing of all sensory information except for olfaction

52
Q

What is the thalamus often referred to?

A

A relay section

53
Q

What is the medial geniculate body involved in, which is a subregion of the thalamus?

A

To the auditory cortex

54
Q

What does the hypothalamus have close links to?

A

The endocrine system (hormones) and the autonomic nervous system

55
Q

Where does the hypothalamus sit?

A

Below the thalamus

56
Q

What does the hypothalamus connect with

A

The pituitary gland (endocrine gland)

57
Q

What is a key role of the hypothalamus in terms of regulation?

A

To aim for homeostasis (if we are hungry, returning this to normal. If we are too hot, aiming to maintain a comfortable temperature)

58
Q

What else does the hypothalamus control?

A
  1. fight of flight
  2. reproduction
  3. growth
  4. stress
59
Q

What are the three most common substructures of the basal ganglia?

A
  1. putamen
  2. globus palidus
  3. tail of caudate
60
Q

What does the basal ganglia regulate?

A

movement

61
Q

What are the three key structures of the limbic system

A
  1. hippocampus
  2. amygdala
  3. cingulate cortex
62
Q

What is the amygdala heavily linked to?

A

Emotion

63
Q

What is the low road?

A

The thalamus to the amygdala

64
Q

What is the high road?

A

Thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala

65
Q

If we are walking in the woods and see a stick and quickly get scared, presuming it is a snake, are we taking the high or low road?

A

The low road (the quicker response)

66
Q

What are two important key structures of the midbrain?

A
  1. substantia nigra (black)

2. red nucleus

67
Q

What is the cerebellum intensely connected to? (2)

A

The motor cortex and basal ganglia

68
Q

What is the cerebellum made up of?

A

neurons called cerebellum mackingy cells

69
Q

What is the cerebellum connected to?

A

thalamus and pons, motor cortex and association area

70
Q

What is the “oldest” part of the brain?

A

The brain stem

71
Q

What are some components of the brain stem?

A

controls eye movement, regulates respiration, swallowing and cardiovascular system, control of autonomic nervous system

72
Q

What are key aspects of the reticular activating system.

A

Staying aware and conscious

73
Q

What happens if we have damage to the reticular activating systems?

A

coma and unconsciousness

74
Q

What is the blood brain barrier and what role does it play?

A

A membrane which surround capillaries in the brain. protects brain from sudden changes and isolates brain from harmful substances

75
Q

What are some sudden changes which the blood brain barrier protects the brain from?

A

ions, hormones and neurotransmitter

76
Q

What does the blood brain barrier exclude?

A

many water soluble substances

77
Q

What does the blood brain barrier allow?

A

alcohol, nicotine, CO2 and small lipid soluble molecules

78
Q

How does the blood brain barrier work?

A

Endothelial cells form tight junctions to prevent certain substances for entering

79
Q

What are meningies?

A

The protective sheaths that surround the brain and spinal chord

80
Q

What are the three layers of meningies?

A
  1. dura mater
  2. arachnoid matter
  3. pia mater
81
Q

Between what two layers of the meningies is spinal fluid?

A

layers 2 and 3. the arachnoid matter and the Pia matter

82
Q

What is cerebral spinal fluid produced by?

A

ependymal cells.

83
Q

What do ependymal cells (cerebral spinal fluid) do?

A

shock absorber, cushion the brain, lowers the weight, allows brain to float

Behavioural and Cognitive Neuroscience (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions