Chapter 3 - Week 1 Flashcards
What is the somatic nervous system?
The part of the PNS that interacts with the external environment.
What do afferent nerves do?
Carry sensory signals from the skin, skeletal muscles, joint etc to the central nervous system.
What do efferent nerves do?
Carry motor signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscles.
What is the autonomic nervous system?
The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the body’s internal environment.
What do the sympathetic nerves do?
Stimulate, organise and mobilise energy resources in threatening situations.
What do parasympathetic nerves do?
Act to conserve energy.
The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the body’s internal environment is the:
Autonomic nervous system.
Nerves that carry sensory messages from the skin, joints eyes, and ears to the central nervous system are called what?
afferent nerves.
Sympathetic nerves are part of the:
autonomic nervous system.
Which nerves stimulate, organise and mobilise energy resources in threatening situations?
sympathetic
The vagus nerves are the longest what?
cranial nerves
The olfactory nerves and optic nerves are the only two purely sensory:
cranial nerves.
The innermost meninx is the:
pia mater
What space is made up of large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid which lies between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater?
subarachnoid space
The traditional view on cerebrospinal fluid production says that it is made by small blood vessels called the:
choroid plexus
A tumour near the where can produce hydrocephalus?
cerebral aqueduct
The cells in the brain are tightly packed and act as a what to any protein or large molecules?
barrier
Define neurons
The cells that are specialised for the reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals.
What is the neuron cell membrane composed of?
A lipid bilayer, or two laters of fat molecules.
What are interneurons?
neurons with a short axon or no axon at all, whose job it is to integrate neural activity within a single brain structure, b=not to conduct signals from one structure to another.
What are oligodendrocytes?
Glial cells with extensions that wrap around the axons of some neurons of the CNS.
Which type of glial cell guides axonal regeneration after damage?
Schwann cells
Which glial cells respond to injury of disease by multiplying, engulfing cellular debris or even entire cells and triggering inflammatory responses?
Microglia
What is the biggest glial cell in the body?
An astrocytes
What is the major problem in studying neurons?
That the neurons are so tightly packed and their axons and dendrites so intricately intertwined that looking through a microscope at unprepared neural tissue reveals almost nothing about them.
What are two types of stains which have been used to visualise neurons?
- golgi stain
2. nissl stain
What does proximal and distal mean when describing the orientation of somethign?
close and far respectively.
From front to back, what are the 5 swellings that compose the developing brain at birth?
- Telencephalon
- Diencephalon
- mesencephalon
- metencephalon
- myelencephalon
What are the four G’s which the limbic system is responsible for?
- Fleeing
- feeding
- fighting
- sexual behaviour
