Chapter 3 - Week 1

Question 1

What is the somatic nervous system?

Answer 1

The part of the PNS that interacts with the external environment.

Question 2

What do afferent nerves do?

Answer 2

Carry sensory signals from the skin, skeletal muscles, joint etc to the central nervous system.

Question 3

What do efferent nerves do?

Answer 3

Carry motor signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscles.

Question 4

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 4

The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the body’s internal environment.

Question 5

What do the sympathetic nerves do?

Answer 5

Stimulate, organise and mobilise energy resources in threatening situations.

Question 6

What do parasympathetic nerves do?

Answer 6

Act to conserve energy.

Question 7

The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the body’s internal environment is the:

Answer 7

Autonomic nervous system.

Question 8

Nerves that carry sensory messages from the skin, joints eyes, and ears to the central nervous system are called what?

Answer 8

afferent nerves.

Question 9

Sympathetic nerves are part of the:

Answer 9

autonomic nervous system.

Question 10

Which nerves stimulate, organise and mobilise energy resources in threatening situations?

Answer 10

sympathetic

Question 11

The vagus nerves are the longest what?

Answer 11

cranial nerves

Question 12

The olfactory nerves and optic nerves are the only two purely sensory:

Answer 12

cranial nerves.

Question 13

The innermost meninx is the:

Answer 13

pia mater

Question 14

What space is made up of large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid which lies between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater?

Answer 14

subarachnoid space

Question 15

The traditional view on cerebrospinal fluid production says that it is made by small blood vessels called the:

Answer 15

choroid plexus

Question 16

A tumour near the where can produce hydrocephalus?

Answer 16

cerebral aqueduct

Question 17

The cells in the brain are tightly packed and act as a what to any protein or large molecules?

Answer 17

barrier

Question 18

Define neurons

Answer 18

The cells that are specialised for the reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals.

Question 19

What is the neuron cell membrane composed of?

Answer 19

A lipid bilayer, or two laters of fat molecules.

Question 20

What are interneurons?

Answer 20

neurons with a short axon or no axon at all, whose job it is to integrate neural activity within a single brain structure, b=not to conduct signals from one structure to another.

Question 21

What are oligodendrocytes?

Answer 21

Glial cells with extensions that wrap around the axons of some neurons of the CNS.

Question 22

Which type of glial cell guides axonal regeneration after damage?

Answer 22

Schwann cells

Question 23

Which glial cells respond to injury of disease by multiplying, engulfing cellular debris or even entire cells and triggering inflammatory responses?

Answer 23

Microglia

Question 24

What is the biggest glial cell in the body?

Answer 24

An astrocytes

Question 25

What is the major problem in studying neurons?

Answer 25

That the neurons are so tightly packed and their axons and dendrites so intricately intertwined that looking through a microscope at unprepared neural tissue reveals almost nothing about them.

Question 26

What are two types of stains which have been used to visualise neurons?

Answer 26

1. golgi stain

2. nissl stain

Question 27

What does proximal and distal mean when describing the orientation of somethign?

Answer 27

close and far respectively.

Question 28

From front to back, what are the 5 swellings that compose the developing brain at birth?

Answer 28

1. Telencephalon
2. Diencephalon
3. mesencephalon
4. metencephalon
5. myelencephalon

Question 29

What are the four G’s which the limbic system is responsible for?

Answer 29

1. Fleeing
2. feeding
3. fighting
4. sexual behaviour