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Ecology and Environment > Lecture Thirteen - Protected Areas and In situ Conservation > Flashcards

Lecture Thirteen - Protected Areas and In situ Conservation Flashcards

1
Q

What is ex situ conservation?

A

Conserving species away from geographic ranges, e.g. in zoos.

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2
Q

What is in situ conservation?

A

Conserving biodiversity within its natural geographic range.

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3
Q

What is the main objective or purpose of a Strict Nature Reserve?

A

Managed mainly for science.

Level of human contact should remain absolutely minimal.

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4
Q

What is the main objective or purpose of a Wilderness Area?

A

Managed mainly to protect wilderness qualities.

Provide wider ecosystem functions such as storage of carbon or cycling of nutrients.

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5
Q

Give an example of a Strict Nature Reserve.

A

Aldabra, Seychelles

Supports giant tortoise and coral reefs.

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6
Q

Give an example of a Wilderness Area.

A

Sawtooth Wilderness, Idaho

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7
Q

What is the main function of a National Park?

A

Large areas of outstanding scenic and natural beauty used by recreation by human population.

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8
Q

Give an example of a Natural Monument.

A

Machu Picchu, Peru

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9
Q

What is the role of a Natural Monument?

A

To provide important historical and cultural value.

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10
Q

Give a problem with mammal conservation in protected areas.

A
  • PAs are too small

- Large mammals have large home ranges, and need area of habitat big enough to sustain these.

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11
Q

What is the problem with the land use of protected areas?

A

Placed in nations where land is cheaper and there are infertile soils unavailable for agriculture, with no planned used for industry or infrastructure, in stead of based on nature value.

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12
Q

What are paper parks?

A

Parks that are poorly managed or protected.

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13
Q

What can be said about most sites of scientific interest in the UK?

A

They are very small

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14
Q

Why should we conserve the broadest variety of habitats?

A

Because it will conserve the broadest variety of species.

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15
Q

What were the 2010 targets of the Convention on Biological Diversity?

A
  • At least 10% of the world’s ecological regions effectively conserved.
  • Areas of particular importance to biodiversity protected.
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16
Q

In stead of focusing on countries for protected areas, what should we focus on?

A

Ecoregions

17
Q

What are ecoregions?

A

Large areas of land or water that contains a geographically distinct assemblage of natural and interacting communities sharing similar species, environmental conditions.

18
Q

How many terrestrial ecoregions are there across the globe?

A

25

19
Q

How many freshwater ecoregions are proposed?

A

450

20
Q

How many marine ecoregions are currently under development?

A

230

21
Q

Why are there so many freshwater ecoregions?

A

Because freshwater habitats differ in many ways.

22
Q

What are Olsen’s Global 200 Ecoregions?

A

The 200 most biological distinct ecological regions in the world.

23
Q

What is the proactive approach to protection?

A

Protecting an intact/pristine area.

24
Q

What is the reactive approach to protection?

A

Protecting an area that is vulnerable to human activity.

25
Q

What is the irreplaceable approach to protection?

A

Protecting an area of high or unique biodiversity.

26
Q

What kind of approach is required for biodiversity hotspots and crisis ecoregions?

A

Reactive approaches.

27
Q

How is a biodiversity hotspot chosen?

A
  • Looked at the biodiversity of threatened vertebrates
  • Choose part of the world that would give biggest coverage of threatened species with minimal area of protected landscape
28
Q

What percentage of the global land surface is biodiversity hotspot?

A

1.4%

29
Q

What percentage of species from the following groups are confined to biodiversity hotspots?

a) Plants
b) Vertebrates

A

a) Plants = 44%

b) Vertebrates = 35%

30
Q

What were Brummit’s opinions on hotspots?

A

They are based on a limited number of taxa.

31
Q

What can be said about the proactive and reactive approaches of biodiversity hotspots?

A

There is little overlap

32
Q

What percentage of the Amazon rainforest has been lost since the 1990s?

A

30%

33
Q

How many countries contain 70% of biodiversity?

A

12

34
Q

What do megadiversity countries have in common?

A
  • Large

- Mostly tropical

35
Q

What percentage of land is now classed as Protected Areas?

A

Over 12%

Ecology and Environment (22 decks)

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