lecture test 8 Flashcards
8
process of DNA sysnthesis
replication
process of RNA synthesis
transcription
process of protein synthesis
translation
universal flow of genetics
One direction- DNA-RNA- Protein
where does translation ( protein synthesis) occur inside a prokaroyte cell? eukryote?
out the nucleus for both
where does transcription (RNA synthesis) occur inside a prokaroyte and eukaroyte cell?
in the eukarote cell it is inside the nucleus, prokaryote has no nucleus
how is DNA copied
DNA polymerase
What initiates DNA polymerase
RNA primer
adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand, 5’ to 3’ end
DNA polymerase
relaxing supercoiling ahead of the replication fork
DNA gyrase
Makes covalent bonds to join DNA strands, Okazaki fragments, and new segments in excsion repair
DNA ligase
Where does DNA replication take place in bacteria and in eukaryotic cells?
Inside the nucleus
strands of the DNA double helix used to make RNA
Template strand
strand of DNA complementary to the template strand
coding strand
binds DNA at the promoter
RNA polymerase
link between RNA structure and protein aa sequence
genetic code
how many types of DNA are essential for translation?
3 types
transcribed to make 3 major parts of RNA
DNA
3 major parts of RNA are
messenger RNA, transfer RNA, Ribosomal RNA
Carries amino acids to ribosomes for translation
transfer RNA
Contains the information copied from DNA that encodes proteins
messenger RNA
3 functions of of ribosomes are
decode mRNA and form peptide bonds
true/ false : RNAs and proteins that make up ribosomes are different in bacteria vs. eukaryotes
true
a permenant change in the base sequence of DNA
Mutation
