lecture test 8 Flashcards

8

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1
Q

process of DNA sysnthesis

A

replication

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2
Q

process of RNA synthesis

A

transcription

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3
Q

process of protein synthesis

A

translation

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4
Q

universal flow of genetics

A

One direction- DNA-RNA- Protein

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5
Q

where does translation ( protein synthesis) occur inside a prokaroyte cell? eukryote?

A

out the nucleus for both

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6
Q

where does transcription (RNA synthesis) occur inside a prokaroyte and eukaroyte cell?

A

in the eukarote cell it is inside the nucleus, prokaryote has no nucleus

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7
Q

how is DNA copied

A

DNA polymerase

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8
Q

What initiates DNA polymerase

A

RNA primer

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9
Q

adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand, 5’ to 3’ end

A

DNA polymerase

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10
Q

relaxing supercoiling ahead of the replication fork

A

DNA gyrase

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11
Q

Makes covalent bonds to join DNA strands, Okazaki fragments, and new segments in excsion repair

A

DNA ligase

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12
Q

Where does DNA replication take place in bacteria and in eukaryotic cells?

A

Inside the nucleus

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13
Q

strands of the DNA double helix used to make RNA

A

Template strand

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14
Q

strand of DNA complementary to the template strand

A

coding strand

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15
Q

binds DNA at the promoter

A

RNA polymerase

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16
Q

link between RNA structure and protein aa sequence

A

genetic code

17
Q

how many types of DNA are essential for translation?

A

3 types

18
Q

transcribed to make 3 major parts of RNA

A

DNA

19
Q

3 major parts of RNA are

A

messenger RNA, transfer RNA, Ribosomal RNA

20
Q

Carries amino acids to ribosomes for translation

A

transfer RNA

21
Q

Contains the information copied from DNA that encodes proteins

A

messenger RNA

22
Q

3 functions of of ribosomes are

A

decode mRNA and form peptide bonds

23
Q

true/ false : RNAs and proteins that make up ribosomes are different in bacteria vs. eukaryotes

A

true

24
Q

a permenant change in the base sequence of DNA

A

Mutation

25
Q

Mutation cans be 3 things

A

neutral, beneficial, or harmful

26
Q

agents that cause mutations

A

mutagens

27
Q

occur in the absence of am mutagen

A

spontaneous mutations

28
Q

causes thymine dimers

A

UV radiation