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Microbiology 108 UCC > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

Microorganisms

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organisms too small to be seen without the unaided eye

A

Microorganisms

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2
Q

Rapidly growing cell, specifically pathogenic

A

Germs

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3
Q

Two things knowledge of microbes helps humans with

A

Prevent food spoilage. Prevent disease occurrence

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4
Q

Beneficial actions of microbes

A

Decompose organic waste, production of fermented foods (wine, cheese, bread), generate organic molecules and O2 by photosynthesis

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5
Q

How do microbes generate organic molecules and O2

A

Photosynthesis

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6
Q

Destructive actions of microbes include

A

Spoilage of food, disease causing, can be toxic

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7
Q

Who established the system of scientific nomenclature including rational naming of all organisms and binary nomenclature

A

Linnaeus

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8
Q

How many names does each organism have?

A

2

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9
Q

What are the 2 names of each organism

A

the genus and specific epihet

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10
Q

What type of species are humans

A

homo sapiens

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11
Q

Who discovered E. coli

A

Theodor Escherich

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12
Q

No cell or nucleus

A

Prokaryotes

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13
Q

Bacteria and Archaea are examples of

A

Prokaryotes

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14
Q

Defined nucleus

A

Eukaryotes

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15
Q

Fungi is an example of

A

eukaryotes

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16
Q

protozoa and algae are examples of

A

eukaryotes

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17
Q

Non cellular infective entities

A

viruses

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18
Q

Prokaryotes with a different cell wall and unique rRNA signatures that are frequent in extreme environments

A

Archaea

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19
Q

Unicellular prokaryotes, peptidoglycan cell walls

A

Bacteria

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20
Q

How is bacteria reproduced?

A

Binary fission

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21
Q

Mostly immobile, multicellular with diverse cell types, use organic chemicals for energy

A

Fungi

22
Q

May be motile via pseudopods, cilia, or flagella. Unicellular eukaryotes, absorb or ingest organic chemicals

A

protozoa

23
Q

Algae are what kind of organisms? Prokaryotes or eukaryotes?

A

eukaryotes

24
Q

What is a eukaryote that uses photosynthesis for energy with cellulose cell walls and produce molecular oxygen and organic compounds? Aquatic habitats

A

Algae

25
Q

What kind of organisms are multicellular animal parasites

A

Eukaryotes

26
Q

Non living microbes that are acellular, consist of DNA or RNA core of hereditary material

A

Virus

27
Q

Can replicate only when they are in a living host

A

Viruses

28
Q

Core is surrounded by a protein coat

A

Viruses

29
Q

What year were first microbes observed

A

1673

30
Q

This person reported that living things were composed of little boxes or cells

A

Robert Hooke

31
Q

Said cells arise from preexisting cells

A

Rudolf Virchow

32
Q

All living things are composed of cells, structural and functional units, and come from preexisting cells

A

Cell theory

33
Q

What years were the golden age of microbiology

A

1857-1914

34
Q

Whose work started the Golden Age of Micro?

A

Louis Pasteur’s work

35
Q

This persons discoveries included the relationship between microbes and disease, immunity, and antimicrobial drugs

A

Louis Pasteur

36
Q

Showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation in wine and beer

A

Pasteur

37
Q

Advocated hand washing to prevent transmission of puerperal fever from on OB patient to another

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

38
Q

Used chemical disinfectant to infections wound during surgery

A

Lister

39
Q

proved that a bacterium causes anthrax and provided experimental steps

A

Robert Koch

40
Q

prove that specific microbes cause specific disease

A

Koch

41
Q

Protection by vaccination is called

A

immunity

42
Q

vaccination derives from the word vacca which means

A

cow

43
Q

Treatment with chemicals is called

A

chemotherapy

44
Q

Used to treat infectious disease and can be synthetic drugs or antibiotics (natural products)

A

Chemotherapeutic agents

45
Q

This person speculated about a “magic bullet”

A

Paul Ehrlich

46
Q

This would be able to destroy a pathogen without harming the host

A

magic buller

47
Q

invented a drug to treat syphilis (salvarsan)

A

Paul Ehrlich

48
Q

Who discovered the first antibiotic ?

A

Alexander Fleming

49
Q

What was the name of the first antibiotic ?

A

Penicillin

50
Q

Study of how microbes inherit traits

A

Microbial genetics

51
Q

Study of how genetic information is transmitted

A

Molecular biology

52
Q

Generates DNA artificially made combining two or more different sources

A

Recombinant DNA technology

Microbiology 108 UCC (4 decks)

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