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EEO exam 2 > lecture shit > Flashcards

lecture shit Flashcards

1
Q

in upper cross syndrome there is tight/shortness of which 2 mm posteriorly and which mm anteriorly ?
what muscles are weak

A

tight/short upper traps and levator and right pecs and weak deep neck flexors and week rhomboids , low and mid traps and SA

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2
Q

what is weak with posterior pelvic tilt

A

abds and glutes

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3
Q

what is weak with an anterior pelvic tilt

A

hip flexors , erector spinae and quads

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4
Q

swayback is ___ kyphosis and ___ lordosis

A

increase
decrease

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5
Q

what will be tight with swag back

A

hip extensors

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6
Q

what is weak with sway back

A

HF or lower abs

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7
Q

what type of knee formation willl be present with swayback

A

genu recurvatum

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8
Q

genu recurvatum ____ stress on ___ knee and compression of ___ knee

A

increases
posteiror
anterior

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9
Q

what type of pelvic tilt will someone with swayback have

A

posteiror

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10
Q

how will someone head and shoulders be with swayback

A

forward

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11
Q

someone with lordosis will have tight …

A

HF and/or back extensors

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12
Q

what will be weak on someone with lordosis

A

Hip extensors or abs

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13
Q

what kind of pelvic tilt will someone with lordosis have

A

anterior

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14
Q

someone with lordosis will have ___ shear forces on lumbar vertebrae and __ compression forces on lumbar vertebrae

A

increased 2x

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15
Q

someone w flat back will have ___ kyphosis and ___ lordosis

A

decreased 2x

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16
Q

someone with flat back will have ___ head, __ pelvic tilt and knee ___

A

forward
posterior
flexion

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17
Q

what will be tight with someone with flat back

A

hip extensors

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18
Q

what mm will be weak in a patient with flat back

A

HF and back extensors

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19
Q

anterior posterior sway is ___ - ___ mm in quiet stance for young adults

A

5-7

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20
Q

mediolateral sway is __ - ___ mm in quiet stance in young adults

A

3-4

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21
Q

does laying on your side or on your back put more pressure on our lumbar disc

A

side

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22
Q

does stnading up straight or sitting down causing more pressure on your lumbar disc

A

sitting

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23
Q

when sitting the keyboard slop should not be greater than ___°

A

15

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24
Q

what are the 3 subsystems for balance

A

visual
somatosensory
vestibular

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25
Q

what are 2 self reported outcome measures for balance/confidence

A

ABC scale and falls efficacy scale

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26
Q

what is the difference between static vs dynamic balance

A

static feet don’t move
dynamic feet move

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27
Q

what 2 mm connects on ASIS

A

sartorius and TFL

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28
Q

what mm connects on AIIS

A

rec fem

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29
Q

the extension moments of the hip is counteracted by ___ and the ___ ligaments

A

iliopsoas and the iliofemoral ligament

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30
Q

what is weak and tight with anterior pelvic tilt

A

erector spinae is tight and hip flexion
abs and glutes are weak

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31
Q

what muscle are tight and weak for posterior pelvic tilt

A

abs and glutes are tight
erector spinae and HF are weka

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32
Q

what is the normal angle of inclination of the hip? what is it called if it is greater than normal or less than normla?

A

125°
> coxa valga
< coxa vara

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33
Q

is coxa valga structural or functional? does it lead to a shorter or longer limb?

A

structural
longer

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34
Q

does coxa valga or vara increase the likelihood of femoral dislocation

A

valga

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35
Q

coxa vara can lead to what hip path

A

SCFE

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36
Q

is the patients limb shorter or longer with coxa vara

A

shorter

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37
Q

what is the normal measurement of anteversion

A

10-20

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38
Q

excessive femoral anteversion leaders to ____ hip IR rom and ___ hip ER ROM

A

increase
decrease

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39
Q

if excessive femoral anteversion is uncompensated what will the toes do

A

go in

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40
Q

how does the body compensate for excessive femoral anteversion

A

tibial external rotation

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41
Q

femoral retroversion leaders to ___ hip ER ROM and ___ hip IR ROM

A

increased
decreased

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42
Q

if femoral retroversion is compensated what will happen ? if uncompensated?

A

comp= tibial IR
uncom= toe out

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43
Q

what is the abnormal capsule end feel fro HIP

A

IR > Ext> Abd

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44
Q

how much ROM is needed for HF to rise from a seat position

A

100 °

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45
Q

how much hip flex , hip abd , and hip ER is need for tieing shoes

A

HF = 115
HIP ABD= 18
HIP ER = 13

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46
Q

what is normla HF , hip abd , and hip ER to sit cross legged

A

HF= 85
hip abd= 35
hip ER= 45

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47
Q

what is lateral femoral cutaneous neuralgia a cause from

A

anterior hip replacement

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48
Q

what is hip dysplasia

A

acetabulum does not fully cover the femoral head

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49
Q

what are symptoms of hip dysplasia

A

groin pain
possible limp
feeling unstable
possible LLD

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50
Q

what hip path is bone overgrowth causing dysfunctional approximation of the femoral neck and acetabulum

A

femoral acetabular impingement (FAI)

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51
Q

which FAI is more common in young athletic males

A

CAM impingement

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52
Q

what can FAI lead to

A

labral tears
OA
“C” sign holding anterolateral hip

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53
Q

what can be caused by
◦Rotational force through planted limb
◦Repetitive microtrauma from FAI
◦Repetitive microtraumas from
abnormal muscle firing pattern

A

labral tears

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54
Q

what does Hip OA result in

A

posture with HF
decreased Hip extension during gait
may see compensatory lumbar extension

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55
Q

if patient has latin in the hip and IR > 15°, pian associated with IR , morning stiffness of the hip for < 60 mins and over 50 years what can we conclude they have

A

HIP OA

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56
Q

what are the 5 variables for the clinical prediction rule for diagnosing hip OA in ppl with unilateral hip pain

A

1) Squatting was an aggravating factor
2) Active hip flexion caused lateral hip pain
3) Scour test with adduction caused lateral hip or groin pain
4) Active hip extension caused pain
5) Passive IR of less than or equal to 25 degrees

57
Q

T/F: Specifically report of anterior thigh or groin pain (+LR 3.86) and constant low back/buttock pain ( +LR 6.50) appear better than standalone tests for hip OA

A

TRUE

58
Q

Femoral neck fractures are especially common in individuals >60 years, especially in women, as a result of ____ .

A

osteoporosis

59
Q

which way is the hip directed after a femoral neck fx

A

abducted and ER

60
Q

what are the anterior precautions for a THA

A

hip extension , hip ER and ABD

61
Q

what are the precautions for postieor THA

A

no hip flexion past 90° , hip IR and hip ADD

62
Q

what outcome measure for you use for THA

A

harris bc talks about pain , stairs , walking , support , ROM

63
Q

what 2 outcome measures are for the ACL

A

lysholm knee scale and tegner activity scale

64
Q

what is the normal tibiofemoral angle

A

165-175

65
Q

if the tibiofemoral angle is < 165 what is it called ? > 175?

A

genu valgum < 165
genu varum > 175

66
Q

what is the angle between the longitudinal axes of femoral shaft and tibial shaft

A

tibiofemoral angle

67
Q

what is the normal Q angle

A

10-15

68
Q

when is there a malaligment for the Q angle

A

> 20°

69
Q

what are malalignment of the Q angle cause

A

genu valgum
excessive femoral anteversion
tibial external rotation

70
Q

increased Q angle leads to increase risk for what

A

lateral patellar subluxation

71
Q

what can genu valgum potentially lead to

A

over pronation for the foot
longer leg
ER of the tibia
OA of the laterla knee

72
Q

genu varum can potentially lead to …

____ of the foot
____ leg
___ ___ of the tibia
OA do the ____ knee

A

supination of the foot
shorter leg
IR of the tibia
OA do the medial knee

73
Q

what is considered abnormal knee hypertension

A

passed 5° of hyperextension

74
Q

what are some causes of rent recurvatum ( hypertension past 5)

A

anterior pelvic tilt
quad weakness
gastroc/soleus weakness
ankle PF contracture or DF resitriction

75
Q

what are the 2 results of genu recurvatum

A

anterior tibiofemoral compression
posterior knee laxity

76
Q

Causes
◦ Immobilization
◦ Prolonged wheelchair use
◦ Sleeping with pillows under knees ◦ Capsular adhesions
◦ Abnormal hamstring tone

what path is this

A

knee flexion contractures

77
Q

knee flexion contractures lead to loss of hip ___

A

extension

78
Q

what is normal about of knee ext ROM for walking

A

60-70

79
Q

how much knee ext ROM do you need to safely climb stairs

A

83

80
Q

what knee flexion ROM do you need to safely descend stairs

A

90°

81
Q

what knee flexion ROM do you knee to get u from a chair

A

105°

82
Q

how much knee flexion ROM do you need to ride a bike

A

115*

83
Q

Causes:
◦ Trauma: Excessive compression to anterior knee
◦ Microtrauma: Patellar maltracking ◦ Genu valgum
◦ Hip abductor weakness

what path is this

A

patellofemroal pain syndrome

84
Q

what is the key sign on how a patient will present with patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

pain with descending stairs

85
Q

people with patellofemoral pain syndrome have weakness in what 3 mm

A

hip abd , extensors and ER

86
Q

Causes:
◦ Overuse/overload of the patellar tendon
◦ Repetitive landing on hard surfaces with poor mechanics

what path is this

A

patellar tendinitis (jumpers knee)

87
Q

what is the key sign on how the patient will present with patellar tenonitis

A

pain with ascending stairs

88
Q

Causes:
● Overuse/overtraining of the lateral knee
● Postural deviations
● Biomechanical issues from proximal and
distal joints

what path is this

A

IT band syndrome

89
Q

what will be tight , weka and positive with IT band syndrome

A

tight - TFL/IT band/piriformis
weka - glute max / med
positive- obers test

90
Q

a patient with a meniscal tear may present how

A

popping , clicking , locking
delayed swelling

91
Q

Causes:
◦ Rapid direction change on planted foot or sudden stop
◦ Incorrect biomechanics with landing from a jump
◦ Medially directed blow to the knee
◦ Non-contact/ contact

what path

A

ACL tear

92
Q

how may a patient with an ACL tear present

A

rapid swelling
decreased quad activation
feeling of knee giving away

93
Q

Causes:
◦MVA/Dashboard injuries ◦Athletic hyperextension injuries

what path

A

PCL tear

94
Q

Causes:
◦ Valgus hit to the knee
◦ Forceful tibial external rotation

what path

A

MCL tear

95
Q

Causes:
◦Forceful varus force to the knee
◦Forceful tibial external rotation

what path

A

LCL tear (rare injury in isolation)

96
Q

what is the main priority for TKA

A

full ext of knee

97
Q

what outcome measure for TKA

A

KOOS

98
Q

what is considered the hind foot

A

tibia
fib
talus
calcan

99
Q

the LOG falls ___ to the ___ malleolus

A

anterior
lateral

100
Q

___ activity counteracts the DF moment

A

soleus

101
Q

if you are observing the foot from the posteior angle and you see to many toes laterally what position is the foot in

A

pronation

102
Q

if the medial part of the foot caves in what does the indicate? what about bulges?

A

caves is supination
bulge is pronation

103
Q

in the anterior fire the tibia is center aligned with __- ray

A

2nd

104
Q

what movements are associated with pronation for the foot

A

eversion
abduction
DF

105
Q

what movements are associated with supination for the foot

A

inversion
adduction
PF

106
Q

what axis is eversion and inversion on ?
abduction /adduction?
DF/PF?
all for the foot

A

EV/INV = anteroposterior axis
ADD/ABD= vertical axis
DF/PF= mediolateral axis

107
Q

what joint in the ankle is considered the mortise joint

A

talocrural joint

108
Q

what motion is done at the talocrual joint

A

DF and PF

109
Q

is the articular surface of the talocrural joint more narrow anteriorly or posteriorly

A

posteriorly

110
Q

what is the main component of supination and pronation

A

sup = PF
pro= DF

111
Q

what is the normal hind foot inversion and eversion

A

5°

112
Q

what are the dynamic supports of the foot

A

tib post
tib ant
FHL
fib longus
intrinsic plantar mm

113
Q

what are the 4 passive support of the foot

A

plantar apon
short plantar lig
long plantar lig
plantar calcaneonavicular lig (spring)

114
Q

pronation of the foot can also be called hind foot ___

A

vagus

115
Q

supination of the foot can also be called hind foot ___

A

varus

116
Q

what drives the position for the midfoot and forefoot

A

calcaneus

117
Q

hind foot valgus= calcaneal ___
hind foot varus = calcaneal ____

A

eversion
inversion

118
Q

laterla ankle sprain that is causes by PF and IV will effect what lig

A

anterior talofibualr lig

119
Q

lateral ankle sprain that is caused by DF and IN will cause damage to which lig

A

calcaneofibular lig

120
Q

lateral ankle sprain that is casues by full DF and IN will cause damage to which lig

A

posteior talofibular lig

121
Q

Causes:
◦ Forceful eversion of the foot throughout a range of DF

what path

A

medial ankle sprain

122
Q

what ligaments would be injured w medial ankle sprain

A

deltoid lig and post tibfib lig

123
Q

what is the cause of high ankle sprain

A

forceful talar external rotation with the ankle planted in DF

124
Q

injury to the post tib would lead to ___ instability and excessive ____

A

midfoot
pronation

125
Q

Causes:
◦Inappropriate, chronic inflammation of tendon
◦Underlying cause: faulty foot biomechanics
◦Overuse injury

what path?

A

posteior tibialis tendinopathy

126
Q

what age group is effected by posteior tibialis tendinopathy and why

A

older people bc arch gets lower

127
Q

what is the mm action for post tib

A

PF

128
Q

what are the 4 clinical test for posterior tibialis tendinopathy

A

pain on tendon palpation,
swelling around the tendon,
pain/weakness with tibialis posterior contraction, pain during or inability to perform a single-leg heel raise (SLHR)

129
Q

what was most reliable for posteior tibialis tendinopathy

A

single heel rise test

130
Q

Causes:
◦Inappropriate, initial chronic inflammation of tendon
◦Underlying cause: faulty foot biomechanics
◦Overuse injury “wringing effect” to watershed area

what path

A

achilles tendinopathy

131
Q

The patient typically complains of “being kicked” or “shot” behind the ankle, and clinical examination often reveals a gap in the tendon.. what path is this

A

achilles tendon rupture

132
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome can be from what 2 causes

A

ovepronation of the foot or rolling the ankle medially

133
Q

what runs thru the tarsal tunnel anterior to posteior

A

tib post
flexor dig longus
tibial artery
tibial vein
tibial never
FHL

134
Q

Causes:
◦ Forceful plantarflexion of the foot with toe extension
◦ Repeated microtrama with foot overpronation
◦ Repeated microtrauma with “heel spu

what path

A

plantar fasciitis (heel pain)

135
Q

how will the pateint present with plantar fasciitis

A

pain at medial arch
pain with initial steps after immobility but also worse after prolonged WB

136
Q

how much GT extension is needed for normal walking

A

70°

137
Q

if there is not at least 70° of GT extension during walking what will the foot do

A

move into over pronation and created adduction

138
Q

an angle between the metatarsal and proximal phalanx that is > ___ is abnormal

A

15

EEO exam 2 (8 decks)

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