Lecture Set 6 : Part 5 Flashcards
what are the characteristics and examples of a live attenuated vaccine?
-consists of a pathogen that has been weakened
-most likely type of vaccine to result in sickness because the weakened pathogen can revert back to the original pathogen
-not recommended for immunocompromised patients for the above reason
-is possible to transmit the weakened pathogen to others (vaccine equivalent)
-stimulates humoral and cell mediated arms of the adaptive immune system (dont need a booster, “life long immunity”)
-ex: MMRV (measles, mumps, rubellea, varicella)
what are the characteristics and examples of a whole agent inactivated vaccine?
-consists of the inactivated virus
-cannot stimulate sickness/disease
-virus is treated with chemicals
-only stimulates humoral (antibody mediated) immunity arm
-ex: salk vaccine for polio
what are the characteristics and examples of a subunit vaccine?
-consists of purified proteins (antigen) taken from the pathogenic bacteria and virus
-cannot stimulate sickness/disease
-only stimulates humoral (antibody mediated) immunity arm
-ex: HPV vaccine
what differs between a subunit vaccine and a whole agent inactivated vaccine?
-the whole agent inactivated contains a whole pathogen, whereas the subunit contains only certain parts of the pathogen
what are the characteristics and examples of a toxoid vaccine?
-consists of bacterial toxins that have been modified
-ex: DTaP vaccine against diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis toxin
what are the characteristics and examples of a conjuigated vaccine?
-consists of an antigen that has been conjugated together
-polysaccharide antigen fused with a protein antigen
-polysaccharide antigen is not super effective in kids, but a protein antigen is very effective
-protein makes the immune response stronger, but builds immunity against the polysaccharide
-ex: Hib vaccine against Haemophilus influenzae type b
what are the characteristics and examples of a nucleic acid vaccine?
-consists of the genetic material of the antigen (antigen is not injected, but are instead synthesized by the host cell)
-ex: DNA vaccines and mRNA vaccines for SARS-Cov2
what vaccines typically need boosers?
-those that only stimulate one arm of the adaptive immune system
what do vaccines aim to do?
-work to prime the immune system by stimulating primary immune responses
-desired goal is the production of memory cells that can be activated if the pathogenic material is encountered at a later time
-specifically beneficial against viral infections as the virus cannot be eliminated with chemotherapy
