Lecture series 3

Question 1

traditional anthropology focused on non-western populations, generally small societies rather than on our won seemingly comple society

Answer 1

non-western populations, generally small societies rather than on our won seemingly comple society

Question 2

in the 1870’s “armchair” anthropologists studied cultures based largely on the accounts of conquistadoes and missionaries

Answer 2

the accounts of conquistadoes and missionaries

Question 3

holistic approach grew out of a fear that cultures would become extinct

Answer 3

become extinct

Question 4

the continued concentration on small, non-western societies ecouraged a reliance on______________as a research tool, becuase anthropologists had to identify the categories through which a culure defined its world

Answer 4

participant observation

Question 5

etic view of culture

Answer 5

• data gathered by outsiders that yields answers to particular questions posed by outsiders
• an outsiders view of culture

Question 6

emic view of culture

Answer 6

• descriptive reports about what insiders say and understand about their culture
• “people’s talk”, an insider’s view of culture

Question 7

a method fo testing translation

Answer 7

translation, back translation, and revision

Question 8

quantitative data

Answer 8

numeric quantities, how many people believe this (% of pop.)

Question 9

modern cultural anthropologists often use indigenous terminology to

Answer 9

describe cultural constructs

Question 10

qualitative data

Answer 10

people’s words, actions, records, and accounts obtained from participant pbsevation, interniews, group interviews, and relevant documents

Question 11

deductive culutural research

Answer 11

hypothesis testing

Question 12

inductive cultural reasearch

Answer 12

interpretive (subjective descriptions)

Question 13

intersubjective meaning

Answer 13

social meaning is constructed around a relationship between two or more people, often using words

Question 14

dialectic

Answer 14

the process of building a bridge of understaning between anthropologist and informants, where information constantly flows in both directions

• awareness of the dialectic will allow participants to begin to understand the other

Question 15

_____________is the main method of research used by cultural anthropologists

Answer 15

ethnographic fieldwork

Question 16

in ethnographic fieldwork, the fieldworker engages in_____________

Answer 16

participant observation: observing and learning in the field while participating in an activity

• participate in a role, record, reflect

Question 17

observational methods

Answer 17

see, record, reflect

Question 18

reflexivity

Answer 18

constant awarness, assessment and reassessment by the researcher’s own contribution to and influence on the research subjects and on research findings

Question 19

hawthorne effect

Answer 19

the influence of a subject’s awareness of “being studied” on human behaviors and research results

Question 20

rapport

Answer 20

• building a relationship with a group is political
• power and wealth differences
• ethical guidelines
• beyond sensitivity and sensibility
• long term responsibilities

Question 21

secondary data

Answer 21

texts, historical accounts, experts

Question 22

traingulation

Answer 22

the use of multiple methodologies and/or individual perspectives to investigate a single topic

Question 23

participatory action research (PAR)

1. education of the process or creating a dialogue
2. collective investigation
3. collective interpretation
4. collective action
5. transformtion (self determination and empowerment)

Answer 23

1. education of the process or creating a dialogue
2. collective investigation
3. collective interpretation
4. collective action
5. transformtion (self determination and empowerment)

Question 24

producing ethnography

Answer 24

• uses a third-person voice
• explanation of cultural practices

Question 25

realism and relexivity

Answer 25

• explores the research experience itself
• the researchers perspective and voice (first-person)
• poetic? (artistic)

Question 26

virtual and electronic ethnography

Answer 26

• emergence of online and virtual communities has fostered this development
• digital transcript

Question 27

ethnographic film

Answer 27

• qualitative anthropology focuses on representation of culture in context
• how can you best preserve/represent /communicate the context of culture?

Question 28

visual anthropology

Answer 28

worth that engages with anthropological methods or concepts while rigourouly attending to the aesthetic and formal dimenstions of cultural representation