Lecture Quiz #3

Question 1

Why do we have plant names?

Answer 1

Allow us to communicate about plants that we use, grow, and encounter in the wild

Question 2

Advantages of Common Names

Answer 2

• Use begins in childhood
• Easy to remember
• Usually in the local language

Question 3

Disadvantages of Common Names

Answer 3

• Vary regionally
• May be misleading
• Many different plants share the same common name

Question 4

Advantages of scientific names

Answer 4

• No two species share the same scientific name
• Uniform from region and language

Question 5

Disadvantages of Scientific Names

Answer 5

• Often difficult to remember
• Written in latin
• Not used by most people

Question 6

Binomial System of naming plants

Answer 6

• Carl Linnaeus
• Abbreviated names to two parts

Question 7

Scientific Names

Answer 7

• Two word Latin Name (binomial)
• First word is genus to which the plant is assigned
• Second word is scientific epithet
• Ex. Ginkgo biloba

Question 8

Commemorative Scientific Names

Answer 8

• Names of geographic locations
• Names of influential or particularly knowledgeable people

Question 9

Correctly Writing Scientific Names

Answer 9

• A latin binomial or a scientific name is always italicized
• Genus is always capitalized
• Specific epithet is never capitalized

Question 10

Taxon

Answer 10

A taxonomic group of any rank, e.g. species, genus, family, etc.

Question 11

Genus

Answer 11

group of species w/ shared ancestry and characteristics

Question 12

Cultivars

Answer 12

• Cultivated varieties
• Traits maintained by propagation

Question 13

Citrus spp.

Answer 13

• Three ancestral species of citrus: Citron, pomelo, mandarin
• Crosses between them and their offspring

Question 14

Water is a strange molecules

Answer 14

• Polar molecule
• Adhesion: Sticks to other molecules
• Cohesion: water sticks to itself

Question 15

Diffusion

Answer 15

• Movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration
• After some time, a state of equilibrium is reached

Question 16

Osmosis

Answer 16

Passive diffusion of water through a differentially permeable membrane

Question 17

Water movement from roots to xylem tissue

Answer 17

• Epidermal cells with root hairs absorb water and minerals from surrounding soil by diffusion
• Can happen symplastically (through cells) or apoplastically (between cells)

Question 18

Turgor pressure

Answer 18

• pressure that is exerted against the cell wall as a result of water entering the cell
• Full of water

Question 19

Plasmolysis

Answer 19

• Cells lose water and become “flaccid”
• Lacking water

Question 20

Transpiration

Answer 20

• Regulated by opening and closing of stomata
• Differential cell wall thickness of the guard cells results in deformation, opening a gap between them

Question 21

Stomata close as a result of

Answer 21

• Darkness
• High CO2 in the plant
• Low water in cells
• High temperatures

Question 22

Cohesion-Tension Hypothesis

Answer 22

• Transpiration and the cohesion of water causes an upward pull of water from soil to roots to leaves
• The adhesion of water to walls of xylem cells also helps resist gravity (but also increases friction)

Question 23

Boreal forests (Taiga) with gymnosperms

Answer 23

• High latitude forests with mostly gymnosperm trees
• Gymnosperms only produce tracheids in their xylem tissue
• Tracheids are more narrow than vessels, less prone to collapse under stress

Question 24

Xylem can be damaged

Answer 24

• Cells collapse when too much tension is placed on water column
• Air bubbles form inside cells if cells leak air or if water freezes
• Early wood (vessels) more prone to damage than late wood (tracheids)

Question 25

Small cells are stronger

Answer 25

• Tracheids can isolate embolisms in one cell
• Vessels are connected like pipes (if one fails, all fail)

Question 26

Factors that limit tree height

Answer 26

• Tension on the water column
• Leaf density
• Photosynthetic rate
• Gas exchange

Question 27

Phloem

Answer 27

• Transports sugar and other organic substances
• Composed of different types of cells: Sieve tube members, companion cells, phloem fibers, phloem parenchyma

Question 28

Pressure-Flow/Bulk Flow Hypothesis

Answer 28

1. Sugars are produced in the leaves (photosynthesis)
2. Sugar is transported into companion cells via Active Transport or a Polymer Trap Mechanism

Question 29

Where does a plant’s mass come from?

Answer 29

Carbon Dioxide

Question 30

Photosynthesis and Respiration

Answer 30

• Photosynthesis produces sugars and oxygen
• Cellular respiration produces CO2 and water

Question 31

Photosynthesis Eqn

Answer 31

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light energy > C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Question 32

Life Requires Energy

Answer 32

• Cells need energy to perform work and to reproduce:
• Synthesize molecules
• Cellular division
• Active transport
• Metabolism

Question 33

ATP

Answer 33

• Adenosine triphosphate: molecule that powers reactions in cells
• Stores potential energy in chemical bonds
• ATP: fully charged
• ADP: depleted, no energy

Question 34

NADPH

Answer 34

Nico