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BOT 121 > Lecture Quiz #2 > Flashcards

Lecture Quiz #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Angiosperms

A
  • Seeds develop inside fruit
  • 300,000 living species (88%)
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2
Q

A Typical Flower

A
  • 4 floral whorls
  • A modified branch with modified leaves
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3
Q

Calyx

A
  • Made of many sepals
  • Protects flower in bud
  • Often green
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4
Q

Corolla

A
  • Made of petals
  • Often brightly colored and visually attractive
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5
Q

Stamens

A
  • Male reproductive part
  • Pollen-producing structures
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6
Q

Carpel

A
  • Female reproductive parts
  • Angiosperm = vessel seed
  • Vessel in which the seeds are carried
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7
Q

Pistil

A

Made of fused Carpels

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8
Q

Ovary

A
  • Swollen part of a pistil (carpel)
  • Ovules = unfertilized seeds
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9
Q

Ovary Position

A
  • To protect the ovules maturing into seeds, some flowers bury the ovary in extra tissue (inferior ovaries)
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10
Q

Flower symmetry

A
  • Radial
  • Bilateral (Ex. Orchid)
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11
Q

Plant Sexual Reproduction

A
  • Pollinator attraction
  • Pollination
  • Fertilization
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12
Q

Not all flowers have all floral organs

A
  • Pistillate: have only pistils, no male parts
  • Staminate: have only stamens, no female parts
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13
Q

Plant Sexuality & Morphology

A
  1. Synoecious - flowers have both stamens and pistils
  2. Monoecious - separate sexed flowers on one individual (ex. Corn)
  3. Dioecious - individual plants are one sex or the other
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14
Q

Inflorescence

A

A cluster of flowers in a specific arrangement

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15
Q

Wind pollination

A
  • Flowers produce lots of pollen
  • Flowers held out in open
  • No nectar
  • No petals
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16
Q

Bee pollination

A
  • Yellow, blue, purple, white
  • UV patterns on corolla
  • Nectar “guides”
  • Flat, open, or bilaterally symmetric
  • “Feeding anthers”
17
Q

Bird pollination

A
  • Red, orange, purple flowers
  • Long, tubular
  • Produce lots of nectar (reward for pollinators)
  • No scent (many birds have poor sense of smell)
18
Q

Bat pollination

A
  • Flowers open at night
  • Flowers often white/ light
  • Strong scent
  • Large, easy access
19
Q

Fly pollination

A
  • Looks like rotting flesh
  • Nasty smells
  • Produce heat
20
Q

Pollination

A
  • Transfer of pollen to the stigma
  • Pollen adheres to the stigma and grows a pollen tube down the style until it reaches ovule
21
Q

Fertilization

A
  • Mature ovule becomes the seed
  • Mature ovary becomes the fruit
22
Q

Pericarp

A

the mature ovary wall

23
Q

Simple Fruits

A
  • Develops from a single flower with one carpel or fused carpels
24
Q

Berries

A

Fleshy fruit with one or many seeds inside the ovary

25
Q

Drupes

A
  • Most stone fruits
  • Pericarp is divided into 3 layers
  • Endocarp (pit) is hard (filled with sclereids) to protect single seed
26
Q

Pomes

A

Pericarp is buried within a fleshy receptacle

27
Q

Simple dry fruit types

A
  • Dehiscent: a dry fruit that breaks apart at maturity
  • Indehiscent: a dry fruit that remains closed at maturity
28
Q

Legume: Pea Pod

A
  • Dry dehiscent fruit
  • Breaks apart at maturity
29
Q

Achene: sunflower “seed”

A
  • Dry indehiscent fruit
  • Single seed inside
30
Q

Aggregate fruits

A
  • Develops from a single flower with many separate carpels
  • Ex. Raspberry
31
Q

Multiple fruits

A
  • Develops from many flowers with many carpels
  • ex. Jackfruit
32
Q

The Figs (Ficus spp.)

A
  • 750-900 species
  • Free standing trees, shrubs, vines, and hemiepiphytes
  • Tropics, subtropics, and a few species in warm temperate and Mediterranean climates
33
Q

The Bodhi Tree (Ficus religiosa)

A
  • Planted 288 BC
  • Oldest living human-planted tree
34
Q

Ficus Morphology

A
  • Leaves are evergreen and have a smooth edge (entire)
  • White or yellowish sap
  • Ficin and psoralen cause dermatitis
35
Q

Parts of a Leaf

A
  • Blade
  • Axillary bud
  • Petiole: leaf stalk
  • Stipules: 2 appendages at the base of the petiole
36
Q

Ficus Morphology Cont.

A
  • Paired stipules (from ringed scars around each node)
  • Cauliflory (stem-flowering)
  • Aerial Roots
37
Q

Hemiepiphytic “Strangler Figs”

A
  • Some figs begin life as epiphytes (plants that live on other plants)
  • Send aerial roots to the ground
  • Roots grown downward, around the host trunk
38
Q

Ficus Reproduction

A
  • Flowers are borne inside a hollow stem (syconium), with a hole at the end (ostiole)
  • Monoecious or dioecious
  • Have a single ovule
39
Q

A single fig flower

A
  • Floral organs are highly reduced or absent
  • No petals, few sepals

BOT 121 (3 decks)

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