Lecture points midterm 2 Flashcards
what did Piaget believe about child development
rejected nature vs nurture debate
constructivsm
knowledge begins with active interaction, starts from the self - motor activity important
we develop a mental picture of the world
constructivism
build mental maps of the world
sponge metaphor and piaget
children like sponges soaking up info
worng according to piaget - all about integrating new info into the old
explain the world is round example
we create representations of the world connected to out previous knowledge
so teaching earth is round children tend to draw pictures of a circle with people at the bottom and clouds at the top or person stood on a flat pancake
vagueness and confusion over word round
so integrate with what they know / see around them every day
explain driver passenger example
driver has a better mental map of the surroundings than passenger
active construction
why is teahcing difficult
the curse of knowledge
we assume everyone knows what we know
whar are schemas
frameworks for interpreting and responding to experience
can be mental or physical
as we get older we get more abstract schemas (also more mental than physical0
software analogy - what we do with info inputs
example of baby with a book schemas
when young - put in mouth to explore
when older try to read and think
cognitive development and schemas
cognitive development takes place as we try to connect experiences and schemas
what is assimilation
fit observations into existing schema
what is accomodation
change schemas to fit observations
dad points to photo and says that is you to a young child
assimilation view point?
accomodation viewpoint?
(also trusted friend cheating example)
accomodation = develop ways to think about pictures. friend never trustworthy assimilation = parent is joking, this (physical me) is me. friend was protecting me or some rubbish
belief intrenchment in politics is an example of
assimilation
making an exception is probably an exmaple of
schema change
name piaget 4 stages of development
sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operations
formal operations
age of sensorimotor
0-2
age of preoperational
2-7
age of concrete operations
7-12
age of formal operations
12+
overview of sensorimotor stage
knowledge based on motor and senses
baby limited to immediate sensory experiences
sensorimotor experience fosters cognitive development
sensorimotor tables at some preschools eg sand and water play
name the sensorimotor substages
reflex activities
primary circular reactions
secondary circular reactions
coordination of secondary circualr reactions
tertiary circular reactions
cognitive advancements (overlaps into preoperational stage)
reflex activity
- when
- what
0-1 month baby has reflex schema -looking, sucking, hearing grasping -process info -slowly modified by infant so reflexes where you take things in from the world, not simple babinski
primary circular reactions
- when
- what
1-4 months
pleasureable response to own body
loop of doing something over and over because you like it
eg sucking fingers and toes, blowing spit bubbles
class video - baby sucking top lip to make a squeaking sound
seconday circular reactions
- when
- what
pleasurable response centered around objects and events in th external world
eg rattles