Lecture Notes: Pages 16-24 - Quiz 3 Flashcards
________ - The result of an implement running over a surface and leaving some trace of the gesture.
Drawing
Three categories of Drawing are:
Sketches
Plans
Final Drawing
-Quiz Question-
________ - Records an idea or provides information about something the artist has seen (visual note taking).
Sketches
-Quiz Question-
________ - These are preparatory studies for a more advanced work (building, sculpture, painting, play, etc.)
Plans
-Quiz Question-
________ - this category is drawing that is considered to be fully developed autonomous works of art.
Final Drawing
The dry media used in drawing include:
- Silverpoint
- Pencil
- Charcoal
- Chalk & pastel
- Crayon.
________ - created by dragging a silver (or other metal) tipped implement called a stylus over a surface that has been coated with ground of bone dust or chalk. An old method used before pencils (metalpoint) (Medieval to the 1500’s)
Silver Point
________ - most traditional; replaced silverpoint in the 1500’s. Composed of a thin rod of graphite encased within wood or paper. Capable of wide range of effects.
Pencil
-Quiz Question-
________ - oldest drawing method; used by our prehistoric ancestors to draw on cave walls (burnt wood or bone). Now: prepared sticks that are formed by the controlled charring of special hardwoods. Can be smudged or rubbed to create a hazy effect. Needs to be fixed with varnish or it will rub off.
Charcoal
________ - Created by combining pigments and a binder such as gum arabic and then shaped into a workable stick. Relatively young, only introduced to France in the 1400s.
Chalk & Pastel
________ - are derived from nature: red ocher hematite, white soapstone, and black carbonaceous shale. Allows for gradual transitions of light and dark
Natural chalk
________ - any drawing material in stick form (This can include charcoal, chalk, and pastel, plus wax implements.) Conte Crayon pigment mixed with oil. Wax crayons ground pigment mixed with wax. They are less apt to smudge.
Crayon
________ - creating the illusion of depth and texture through the use of light and shadow in drawing.
Modeling
________ - the use of a pattern of dots that thickens and thins.
Stippling
________ - using a series of closely spaced parallel lines to achieve shading.
Hatching
-Quiz Question-
________ - a series of lines that run in a different direction and cross one another.
Cross Hatching
________ - The primary ________ medium used in drawing is ink. Instruments used with ink are primarily pen and brush.
- Liquid Media
- Liquid
-Quiz Question-
________ - Used since ancient times. earliest were hollow reeds and quills, plucked from live birds, were used in the Middle Ages. Replaced in the nineteenth century with mass produced metal nib, which is slipped into a stylus
Pen and Ink
________ - Wash is diluted ink that is applied with a brush. Often combined with fine clear lines of pure ink to provide tonal emphasis.
Brush and Wash
________ - Extremely versatile. Brushes come in a wide variety of materials, textures, and shapes. These create different effects. Long tradition in the East
Brush and Ink
________ - A design or image is made in or on a surface by hitting or pressing with a tool.
Printmaking
________ - the piece of paper or surface that the design is transferred onto.
________ - the working surface. Includes: wood blocks metal plates, stone slabs, and silkscreen
Matrix
Methods of Printmaking include:
- Relief
- Intaglio
- Lithography
- Serigraphy
________ - The matrix is carved with a knife or gouges. Cut out areas are not printed, while the raised areas are. Ink is applied to the raised surfaces, often using a roller. The matrix is pressed against a sheet of paper and the image is transferred.
Relief
________ - Oldest form of printmaking; Created by cutting along the grain of the flat surface of a wooden board with a knife
Woodcut
________ - the process of engraving designs in relief with a burin (instead of a knife) on the end grain of wood, for printing. Very fine lines can be made with the burin, and these lines can give the illusion of tonal gradations. Wood engraving was used to illustrate newspapers.
Wood Engraving
________ - Created by using metal plates into which lines have been incised. Plates are covered with ink which is forced into the groove. Then the ink is wiped off the flat surfaces.
Intaglio
Intaglio - Created by using __________ _________ into which lines have been incised. Plates are covered with ink which is forced into the groove. Then the ink is wiped off the flat surfaces. The paper and plate are run through a press. The paper is pressed in the lines and the image is transferred to the paper.
Metal Plates
________ - clean lines on copper, zinc, or steel are made using a burin.
The harder you push, the deeper the line, the more ink it holds, the darker the resulting line is on paper.
Engraving
-Quiz Question-
The great Wave picture was made on a ________.
Woodcut
-Quiz Question-
Printmaking was not possible before the press..
True or False
False
________ - engraving with a twist. A needle is dragged across the surface which leaves a rough edge or metal burr left in its wake. This burr creates a soft line instead of a crisp line.
Drypoint
________ - an intaglio process, but there are unique differences. Minimal pressure is used for the depth of the line. A chemical process does the rest.
Etching
A metal plate is covered with an acid resist and liquid-like wax or resin.
Once dry the artist scratches this surface off with a needle.
Then the plate is placed in acid and it eats away the exposed areas, deepening the lines.
This is the printing process of ________ .
Etching
________ - comes from the Italian word meaning “half tint”. Does not depend on line. It is rarely used today; labor intensive.
Mezzotint
The entire plate is worked with a hatcher (rocker) which creates thousands of tiny pits all over the surface (the hatcher is a curved multitoothed implement).
Then you polish or smooth the areas that you want to be white.
This is the printing process of ________
Mezzotint
________ - Much easier and quicker than mezzotint. Images look like ink wash.
Aquatint
A metal plate is evenly coated with a fine powder of acid-resistant resin. The plate is heated, causing the resin to melt and stick to the plate.
Lines are etched
The plate is placed in acid and the exposed surfaces are eaten away.
This is the printing process of ________
Aquatint
________ - 19th Century invention. Unlike relief and intaglio printing, the matrix used is completely flat.
Lithography
Lithography – 19th Century invention. Unlike relief and intaglio printing, the matrix used in lithography is __________ ___________.
Completely Flat
Lithography – 19th Century invention. Name means “____________ ________________”.
Stone Writing
A drawing is made with a greasy crayon on a flat stone slab. A solution of nitric acid is applied as a fixative. The surface is then dampened with water. The stone is covered with an oily ink using a roller. The ink sticks to the wax but not the water. Paper is pressed to the stone and the ink is transferred from the wax
This is the process of ________
Lithography
________ - Silkscreen Process
Serigraphy
Seri in Serigraphy means:
Silk
Stencils are used to create the design or image. Silk, nylon, or a fine mesh is stretched on a frame. The stencil is applied to the screen. Paint or ink is forced through the screen using a squeegee.
This is the process of ________
Serigraphy
________ - Yields only one impression
Monotype
The great wave of Kanazawa, published in 1832 (Edo Period) was made by:
Katasushika Hokusai
Edo is the name of what present city in Japan?
Tokyo
How many wood blocks did it take to make the great wave:
Nine
What was Hokusai’s scientific observation (part of wave)?
Fractal
________ - Two dimensional works that relies on a pigment that is mixed with a binder then is applied to a surface.
Painting
________ - The coloring agent in painting
Pigment
________ - Holds the pigment together in painting
Binder
________ - What the mixture is applied to in painting
Surface
An oil painting is ________ mixed in oil (typically linseed oil) and then applied to a canvas surface.
Pigment
The types of painting are:
- Encaustic
- Fresco
- Tempera
- Oil
- Watercolor
- Acrylic
________ - Uses a pigment in a wax vehicle that has been heated to a liquid state. One of the earliest methods of applying color to a surface. Used by the Egyptians and Romans.
Encaustic
• Extremely durable
• Colors remain vibrant
• Surface will retain a hard luster
These are advantages of what method of painting:
Encaustic
________ - The art of painting on plaster
Fresco
In FRESCO, a wall is prepared with wet plaster. The pigment is mixed with ___________ _______________ and then is applied to the _________ _____________. As the plaster dries the painting is made permanent. Frescos tend to be large scale works.
- Lime Water
- Wet Plaster
________ - Done on wet, lime plaster
Buon fresco (true fresco)
________ - Painting on dry plaster (less permanent)
Fresco secco
The Last Supper is an example of a ________ painting.
Fresco secco
• Must work fast, you can only paint what can be completed in one day. This can create visible seams.
• Some colors don’t work well with lime. (such as blue)
-These are problems of what style of painting:
Fresco
________ - An Italian word meaning “Days Work”
Giornata
________ - ground pigments mixed with a vehicle of egg yolk thinned with water. Can be applied to wood or canvas panels
Tempera
In Tempera, panels are prepared by covering the surface with a ”________” (usually GESSO).
Ground
________ - A combination of glue and powdered chalk or plaster used as a ground in tempera.
Gesso
-Quiz Question-
________ - The application of thinly hammered sheets of gold to a panel surface. (Commonly used in conjunction with tempera.)
Gilding
• Extremely durable
• Pure and brilliant colors
• Color did not become compromised by oxidation
• Consistency and fluidity allowed for precision
-These are Advantages of:
Tempera
• Dries quickly
• Hard to rework
• Cannot provide subtle gradation of tone.
-These are Disadvantages of:
Tempera
________ - Consists of ground pigments combined with linseed oil and thinned with turpentine
Oil
________ - is naturally slow drying, but can be sped up with the addition of certain agents. The first of this, were used on wood panel
Oil Paint
________ - The application of multiple layers of transparent films of paint to a surface to create more realistic effect
Glazing
• Colors can be blended easily.
• Slow drying lets you rework problem areas.
• Can create beautiful delicate colors.
-These are Advantages of:
Oil Painting
________ - Uses water as a binder and is traditionally presented on a fine white paper surface. The colors show more clearly with this clean white surface
Watercolor
________ - Watercolor mixed with a high concentration of opaque ingredients such as chalk primarily used during the Byzantine and Romanesque eras of Christian art.
Gouache
________ - Gives work more body and opacity.
Gouache
In ________, corrections are not possible.
Watercolor
________ - Is a mixture of pigment and plastic that can be thinned with water.
Acrylic
________ - is a modern alternative to oil.
Acrylic
• Less messy to use
• Can be used on a larger variety of surfaces.
• Surfaces don’t need special preparation
-These are Advantages of:
Acrylic paint
________ - Combining traditional painting techniques with other materials
Mixed Media
The Girl With the Pearl Earring painting was done by:
Vermeer
