Lecture notes

Question 1

Geometric Greece (900-700)

Answer 1

Saw the emergence of the polis
Development of state religion and sanctuaries such as Olympia
Development of the alphabet and epics such as Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey.
expansion of the Greek world in terms of trade and colonisation.

Question 2

Dark ages (1100-900)

Answer 2

Skills were lost and there was depopulation.

Question 3

Protogeometric period (1050-900)

Answer 3

Change from inhumation to cremation.

Question 4

East meets Greece - the Orientalising period - Corinth

Answer 4

The first city to break out of the geometric style, they developed a new style in 720 BC. They have trading contacts with Syria and they exported widely in the Greek world.

Question 5

East meets Greece - the Orientalising period - Athens

Answer 5

Developed new style in 700 BC (prottoattic style), they have a grander scale, inventive iconography, fewer animals and are rarely exported out of Attica.

Question 6

The Analatos painter

Answer 6

Often regarded as the ‘creator’ of this style - curvilinear rather than rectilinear.

Question 7

Horror vacue

Answer 7

‘Fear of the void’

Question 8

Middle prottoattic (black and white)

Answer 8

Eleusis Amphora (main case of the Polyphemis painter) which is located at the sanctuary of Demeter at Eleusis and is the most famous of the middle period - bones of a ten year old boy were found.

Question 9

Late Prottoattic (early black figure)

Answer 9

Most famous being Nessos Amphora, the main vase of the Nessos painter

Question 10

Corinthian vases

Answer 10

Very different from Prottoattic, they are exported widely throughout the world. They dominate pottery production and trade in the 7th century BCE.

Question 11

Protocorinthian (720-640)

Answer 11

Best work is before mass production, there were early, middle and late periods.

Question 12

Temple of Apollo, Thermon (630 BC)

Answer 12

Plan shows a peripteral colonnade, a long narrow cella and opisthodomos in antis (back porch made up of extended walls). Everything above the columns is called the ‘superstructure’

Question 13

Temple of Priniers, Crete (625-600)

Answer 13

The Akroteria is a sphinx. The frieze shows a procession of horsemen armed with spears and shields. The lintel block (rectangular element above the door) shows Panthers and seated females wearing polo is. Standing women on the underside.

Question 14

Geometric figures

Answer 14

Like the figures on vases (broad shoulders, narrow waste) made using lost wax technique. Expensive to produce as made of bronze.

Question 15

Daedalic style

Answer 15

Named after Daedalus
Break from strict linear form
More realistic volume
Anatomy through modelling
Strict frontal
No movement

Question 16

How can we look at the development of art and archaeology?

Answer 16

Chronologically - by period
Contextually - by change or continuity
Overall - the evolution of styles and techniques

Question 17

Why is the Francois vase significant?

Answer 17

Introduces new shape - Attic black figure volue krater.

Question 18

Berlin Painter

Answer 18

also a significant figure in the third generation; he has 300 works attributed to him (490 BCE). His figures are much more delicate and slender. All the emphasis is on one or two figures.

Question 19

Stylistic characteristics of Daedalic

Answer 19

Triangular face, low forehead, large staring eyes, heavily cut semi-circular brows.

Question 20

Archaic sculpture

Answer 20

Moves towards naturalism, platform for narratives.

Question 21

Archaic vase painting

Answer 21

Refinement of black-figure, development of red-figure, Athens as major producer, Mass visual medium

Question 22

Archaic architecture

Answer 22

Refinement and standardisation of Doric and Ionic.

Question 23

Black-figure development in Archaic vase painting

Answer 23

Mastery of the human form and movement, increasingly detailed narratives, more complex and naturalistic compositions.

Question 24

Exekias

Answer 24

He was a potter and painter, very innovative potter but had a short career as a painter (545-530).

Question 25

The Pioneers

Answer 25

First to learn their craft entirely from red-figure, they appear in 520 but mature by 510. They rival Exekias in draftsmanship, their interest lies in new shapes, new ways to represent. They are the first discernible movement in western art.

Question 26

3rd generation of red-figure artists 500-490/80

Answer 26

Industry expands, specialisation, increased exports.

Question 27

Mid 5th century Athens

Answer 27

Athens head of Delian league which aimed to defend Greece. Treasury of Delian league moved to Athens in 454. Portion set aside for Athena. Pericles champions idea that temples destroyed by Persians should be replaced using the treasury money.