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Passive Care > Lecture MT 1 > Flashcards

Lecture MT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Indications for use of cryotherapy

A

Acute pain, inflammation
muscle spasm
Febrile state
Insect bites
Burns, boils

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2
Q

Contraindications for cryotherapy

A

Raynauds
Coma
Peripheral vascular disease
Over the heart
Open wounds
Rheumatoid
Pregnancy
Cold hypersensitivity

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3
Q

procedure of cryotherapy

A

5 minute duration
one towel layer
tell patient they can take it off at any point if it becomes painful
stop when patient reports numbness

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4
Q

indications for use of heat

A

muscle spasm
chronic pain
vascular stasis
general anxiety

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5
Q

contraindications for use of heat therapy

A

peripheral vascular disease
over pregnant uterus
over the eyes
over infection
patients with fever

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6
Q

procedure of heat exposure

A

10-20 minutes
6-8 towel layers
check every 5 minutes

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7
Q

how many towel layers are the heat packs

A

~4 towel layers

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8
Q

indications for dynatron microcurrent probe

A

open wound healing
soft tissue repair
pain

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9
Q

contraindications for dynatron microcurrent probes

A

over pregnant uterus
over tumor
cardiac arrhythmia
implanted electrical devices

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10
Q

procedure for dynatron microcurrent probe

A

350-550 microamps
.5-10hz
circle the dragon
4-6 points for 10 seconds at each site
press start on the probe

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11
Q

indications and contraindications for dynatron microcurrent pads

A

IND
open wound healing
soft tissue repair

CONT
over pregnant uterus
over tumor
cardiac arrhythmia
implanted electrical devices

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12
Q

procedure for dynatron microcurrent pads

A

50microamps
.3 hz
alternating polarity
pads proximal and distal to area of concern
20-30 minutes

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13
Q

procedure for alphastim transcranial

A

350-550microamps
.5hz
ear clips with water
slide bottom to 60 min or continuous
30min-2 hrs

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14
Q

indications and contraindications for alphastim transcranial

A

IND
headaches

CONT
implanted electrical devices
pregnant uterus
tumors

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15
Q

procedure for alphastim probe

A

.5hz
350-550 microamps
4-6 spots
10 seconds at each spot
circle the dragon protocol
slide bottom switch to probes

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16
Q

Indications for cold therapy

A

Acute/subacute stage of healing
Fevers
Bleeding
Inflammation
Pain

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17
Q

Contraindications for cold therapy

A

Cold hypersensitivity
Raynauds
Poor circulation
Neuro deficit
Peripheral vascular disease
Open wounds
Infection

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18
Q

Physiologic effects of cryotherapy

A

Local vasoconstriction
Tissue stiffness
Decrease nerve conduction
Decrease inflammatory effects
Decrease metabolism

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19
Q

Stages of cryotherapy

Cold ____ min
Burning ____ min
Aching _____
Numbness _____ min

A

Cold 1-3 min
Burning 2-7 min
Aching
Numbness 5-15 min

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20
Q

Cryotherapy treatment

A

5 minute application
1 towel layer
Never longer than 15 min
1/2 inch penetration

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21
Q

Temperatures of cryotherapy

___° ice pack
____° gel pack
____° chemical pack

A

38° ice pack
35.4° gel pack
35° chemical pack

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22
Q

Methods of cryotherapy application

A

Cold pack
Commercial cold pack
Direct ice massage
Chemical cold pack
Chemical topicals

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23
Q

Indications for superficial heat treatment

A

Subacute/chronic pain
Increase extensibility of collage
Relieve muscle spasm
Reduce chronic inflamm
Reduce exudates
Decrease pain

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24
Q

Contraindications for superficial heat

A

Directly after injury
Gravid uterus
DM
Diminished sensation
Active infection
Poor circulation
Over the eyes, genitalia

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25
Q

Heat is often used incorrectly by patients at
home, how is that so (3 ways)

A

Left on too long
Patient lays on hot pack
Too frequently (>1x/hr)

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26
Q

Physiological effects of superficial heat

A

Promotes abnormal ossification
Prevent adhesion formation
Reabsorption of hematoma
Analgesia

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27
Q

Superficial heat method

A

6-8 towel layers
Chronic conditions
10-20 minute treatment
1/4 to 1/2 inch penetration

Check every 5 min for blistering

Conduction heat transfer

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28
Q

Whirlpool bath transfers heat via what process:

A

Convection

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29
Q

What is the process of a Paraffin bath?

A

126° wax and oil bath
Dip 7-10x
Place hand in plastic bag
20-30 minutes leave was on
Remove and perform ROM exercises

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30
Q

What is Fluidotherapy? What is another AKA known for it?

A

A dry heating agent that transfers heat by convection. It consists of a cabinet containing finely ground particles of cellulose through which heated air is circulated.

AKA “Corn cobs”

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31
Q

What are Infrared lamps? Process?

A

1mm depth penetration
20 inch from patient with moist towel over area
15-20 min treatment

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32
Q

What are the three Stages of healing?

A

Inflammatory response
Fibroblastic repair (subacute)
Maturation-remodeling (chronic)

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33
Q

Explain the Inflammatory response stage

A

2-4 days after injury
Leukotaxin increases leukocytes along cell walls
Necrosin cleans area with phagocytosis

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34
Q

Explain the Fibroblastic Repair Phase

A

Begins 4 days after injury
Lasts up to 10 days
Granulation tissue infiltrates
6-7 days after injury fibroblasts lay down collagen haphazardly

35
Q

Explain the Maturation-Remodeling Phase

A

Begins around day 7 and lasts for years
Haphazard collagen is realigned along movement patterns
Parallel to tensile forces

36
Q

Stages of healing are not

A

Separate and distinct
They overlap from one to the other

37
Q

What is this definition:

“unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage”

A

pain

38
Q

ones perception of pain is dependent on what two factors?

A

past experiences
current expectation and state of mind

39
Q

pain is an indicator of the following two:

A

the presence of a problem
not the degree of the problem

40
Q

pain can outlive its purpose, when it does so, it is a _____ ______ in itself

A

Diseased state

41
Q

What are 4 types of pain?

A

referred
phantom
radiating
chronic

42
Q

Explain pain duration

A

<6weeks acute- easy to locate

chronic >6weeks defies intervention

difficult to locate

persistent- on going treatable problem

43
Q

What are three pain assessment tools?

A

VAS
pain drawing
McGill pain questionnaire

44
Q

sensory receptors

meissners-
pacinian-
merkels-
ruffini-
krauses-
free nerve-

A

meissners- light touch
pacinian- deep (fast)
merkels-deep pressure (slow)
ruffini- touch/tension, joint position
krauses- thermo
free nerve- chemical, thermal noxious stimulus

45
Q

specific theory of pain is an indicator of what?

A

specific nerve fibers and endings carry noxious stimuli to the brain with ascending pathways
pathway determines nature of stimulus

46
Q

Explain the summation pain theory

A

excessive stimulation of nerve fibers results in transmission of noxious stimulus
no anatomical basis for this theory

47
Q

What is the pattern theory?

A

stimulus must match a certain pattern to be transmitted as pain or other sensations
stimulus must come in abnormal matter

48
Q

What is the sensory interaction theory?

A

specialized system exists to control sensory input from large and small afferent fibers
summation is prevented from occuring

49
Q

LIST all pain theories:

A

specific theory
summation theory
pattern theory
sensory theory
likely a combination of all to form pain pathways

50
Q

What are 4 main causes of pain?

A

external causes (skin)
internal causes (no skin)
lesions of CNS (skin is involved)
non-physiological

51
Q

Pain at rest is cause and by the following 4 things:

A

caused by inflammation
crushing injuries
overstretching
viral/bacterial

52
Q

stimulation of small diameter afferents result in:

A

release of endogenous opioids

53
Q

electric stim should not be used in children due to:

A

open growthplates

54
Q

geriatric populations should not be treated with cryo/heat due to:

A

lack of subcutaneous tissue

55
Q

the height of a electrical wave above or below baseline:

A

amplitude/intensity

56
Q

strength of current is measured in:

A

milliamps/microamps

57
Q

velocity in electric current is always:

A

3x10^8

58
Q

DC (galvanic):

A

one polarity
positive or negative

59
Q

russian/biphasic uses ___ type of current:

A

AC (bipolar)

60
Q

frequency and wavelength:

A

inversely proportional

61
Q

electrical pad placement cannot:

A

cross the spine

62
Q

the further apart the electrode pads are placed:

A

the deeper the penetrating power of the current

63
Q

muscle spasm, the electrodes are placed on
muscle belly or:

A

proximal distal Musculocutaneous junctions

64
Q

current density and depth:

A

current density decreases with depth of penetration

65
Q

Give a brief description of russian vs biphasic:

A

russian penetrates deeper due to its pulse duration being miliseconds vs in microseconds

66
Q

What is intensity?

A

amount of energy of wave
increasing intensity increases penetrating power

67
Q

What will 80pps/hz cause?

A

enkephalins to be released for short period of time
natural painkiller

68
Q

What will 10pps/hz cause?

A

endorphins to be released
natural painkiller that lasts much longer than enkephalins

69
Q

What is a rheobase?

A

minimal intensity needed to cause contraction

70
Q

What is chronaxie?

A

minimum time it takes to cause contraction at 2x rheobase

71
Q

What is the definition:
“decrease in sensitivity to and area that is exposed to prolonged stimulation or the same frequency”

A

wedensky inhibition

72
Q

Describe ohms law:

A

amps (current) is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance
amps=volts/resistance
increase intensity and resistance will be lessened

73
Q

What is the Law of Grotthus-Draper?

A

energy is either absorbed superficially or transmitted to deeper layers

74
Q

What is the Arndt schultz law?

A

Physiologic effects of energy absorption are concentration dependent; no change can occur if not enough energy is absorbed

75
Q

What is the cosine law?

A

as the source of the energy moves away from the perpendicular its intensity lessens and absorption lessons cosine of 90degree

76
Q

What is the inverse square law?

A

intensity of radiation is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from its source

77
Q

What is microcurrent?

A

excites physiologic activity

78
Q

V (volts) =

A

I (amperes) X R (ohms)

79
Q

What are some contraindications for use of microcurrent?

A

gravid uterus
implanted electrical devices
cardiac arrhythmias
over known tumors

80
Q

What are some carrier frequencies?

A

2,000-10,000hz that is a medium frequency that is able to penetrate deeper in the body

81
Q

a ____ frequency is formed due to the interactions of 2 frequencies:

A

beat frequency

82
Q

the beat frequency is ____ in interferential:

A

80-150pps releasing enkalphalins
or 0-10 releasing endorphins

83
Q

What is pre-mod interferential?

A

one lead with two pads is the only option that can be used
used for smaller areas or radicular/linear complaints

Passive Care (4 decks)

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