Lecture/Lab 8

Question 1

What is the dental formula of a human child after deciduous teeth eruption?

Answer 1

2102

Question 2

What is the dental formula for hominins?

Answer 2

2123

Question 3

What is the dental formula for new world monkeys or parapithecidae?

Answer 3

2133

Question 4

Why are our premolars called the 3rd and 4th premolar?

Answer 4

Because they are what is left of what we had before. We used to have 4 premolars all together and NS selected for reduced dentition.

Question 5

what do frugivore teeth look like?

Answer 5

Frugivores tend to have spatulate incisors and their cheek teeth lack cusps as they need it for crushing and pulping.

Question 6

What do insectivore teeth look like?

Answer 6

They have very pointed cusps as they need them for puncturing through the exoskeletons of insects

Question 7

What do folivore teeth look like?

Answer 7

Folivores have cheek teeth that have large sheering crests to chew through green matter and tend to have smaller incisors than frugivores

Question 8

What kind of teeth do humans have?

Answer 8

Humans have a generalist dentition which means that we sort of mix all of these together in hopes to consume a very wide range of different foods

Question 9

When was the “golden age” of hominoids?

Answer 9

Miocene

Question 10

What is the difference between parallel and parabolic dentition?

Answer 10

parabolic dentition is what humans hand hominins have. Whereas parallel dentition can be found among apes and hominoids.

Question 11

What are the 6 traits specific to hominoids?

Answer 11

1. dorsally placed scapulae
2. broad and wide rib cage
3. no tail
4. long forelimbs with long curved phalanges
5. reduced olecranon process
6. Y5 dental pattern

Question 12

what are the 8 traits specific to bipedalism in hominins?

Answer 12

1. centrally located foramen magnum
2. sigmoid curve in vertebral column
3. short and broad ilium
4. inflexible foot with arch
5. non opposed hallux
6. medial femoral angle
7. larger medial than lateral femoral condyle
8. robust platform-like talus

Question 13

what are the 6 characteristics specific to hominins, yet don’t have to do with bipedalism?

Answer 13

1. parabolic teeth
2. premolar 3 is like premolar 4
3. small non-sexually dimorphic canines
4. orthognathic face
5. very large brain
6. chin present

Question 14

what is the intermembral index?

Answer 14

The intermembral index can be used to determine the way in which a primate species moves, ie. their locomotion

Question 15

What are the two pathologies that we will be tested on?

Answer 15

fractures (fractured femur in lab) and rickets (caused by vitamin D deficiency)

Question 16

What are 7 ways you can sex an individual from their pelvis?

Answer 16

1. Pelvic inlet - males is small and heart-shaped
2. Subpubic angle - narrow in males
3. Greater sciatic notch (preauricular sulcus)- large in females
4. obturator foramen - triangular in females
5. pubis - short in males
6. sacrum - narrower in males
7. ilium - larger in females
8. ischial spines - less pronounced in females

Question 17

what are the 8 ways you can sex an individual from their skull?

Answer 17

1. supraorbital torus - pronounced in males
2. occipital torus - robust in males
3. occipital protuberance - pronounced in males
4. forehead shape - sloped in males
5. mental eminence - square in males
6. mastoid process - large in males
7. angle of ascending ramus - about 90 degree in males
8. overall skull appearance - rough in males

Question 18

What is the angle of your femur called when it is stood upright?

Answer 18

The Q angle