Lecture/Lab 4

Question 1

what is an example of microevolution?

Answer 1

the HbS or HbN (normal) gene to fight the effects of malaria on the individual - considered a balanced polymorphism

Question 2

What causes allele frequencies to change in a population? also considered the “forces of evolution”

Answer 2

1. natural selection
2. sexual selection
3. mutation
4. genetic drift (founder and bottlenecks)
5. gene flow

Question 3

What are the three goals of population genetics?

Answer 3

1. study variation in allele frequencies
2. are they changing
3. why are/arent they changing

Question 4

T of F: allele frequencies constantly change from generation to generation.

Answer 4

false, allele frequencies change only slightly

Question 5

what are the parameters that must be met to stay in hardy-weinberg equilibrium? 5

Answer 5

1. no change in DNA sequence
2. no migration
3. very large population
4. random mating
5. no natural selection

Question 6

what is the difference between horizontal and vertical gene transfer?

Answer 6

horizontal gene transfer happens in bacteria cells and is the copy of genes from one cell to another through mitotic cell division.
vertical gene transfer is the transfer of genes from a parent cell to a daughter cell through the process of meiosis.

Question 7

what are some sources of phenotypic variation?

Answer 7

epigenetics, alternative splicing, sexual selection, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, regulatory genes