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PCM II Exam II > Lecture/Lab 2: Basic Neuro Exam > Flashcards

Lecture/Lab 2: Basic Neuro Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 components of a Mini-Mental Status Exam?

A

1) Level of alertness
2) Appropriateness of responses
3) Orientation to person, place, time
4) Congruency of modod

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2
Q

Visual acuity is tested using?

Legally blind at?

A
  • Snellen eye chart - position pt 20ft from chart
  • 20/200 = legally blind
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3
Q

Bell’s palsy affects?

Central lesion affects?

What CN?

A
  • Affects both upper and lower face, loss of taste
  • Affects mainly lower face
  • CN VII
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4
Q

What does 0-5 stand for in terms of muscle strength testing?

A

0 = no muscle contraction

1 = barely detectable flicker or trace of contraction

2 = active movement w/ gravity eliminated

3 = active movement against gravity

4 = active movement against gravity and some resistance

5 = active movement against full resistance w/o fatigue

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5
Q

Nerve roots tested for flexion at elbow?

Extension at elbow?

A

Flexion = C5, C6

Extension = C6, C7, C8

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6
Q

Nerve roots tested for flexion and extension at wrist?

A

C6, 7

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7
Q

Nerve roots tested for Hand Grip?

A

C7, 8, T1

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8
Q

Nerve roots tested for Opposition of thumb, Finger Abduction?

A

C8, T1

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9
Q

Nerve roots tested for Hip Flexion?

Extension?

Adduction?

Abduction?

A
  • L2, 3, 4 (flexion)
  • S1 (extension)
  • L2, 3, 4 (adduction)
  • L4, 5, S1 (abduction)
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10
Q

Nerve roots tested for Knee Flexion?

Extension?

A
  • L4, 5, S1, 2
  • L2, 3, 4
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11
Q

Nerve roots tested for Ankle Plantarflexion?

Dorsiflexion?

A
  • S1 (plantarflexion)
  • L4, 5 (dorsiflexion)
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12
Q

Inability to heel-walk is sensitive test for?

A

CST damage

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13
Q

Abnormal results during Rapid Alternative Movements test may indicate?

A

Dysdiadochokinesis

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14
Q

Dermatomes of C4

C6

C8

T4

T10

L5

S1

A

C4 = shoulder top

C6 = Radial aspect forearm

C8 = Little finger

T10 = Umbilicus

L5 = Great Toe (5 (big toe) is > 1 = little toe)

S1 = Posteriolateral calf/little toe

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15
Q

What is the Romberg Test?

A
  • Test of position sense/proprioception (posterior columns).
  • Pt stands w/ feet together and eyes open - then close both eyes for 30-60 secs w/o support
  • Note pt ability to maintain upright posture
  • Normally only minimal swaying occurs
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16
Q

What is the Babinski test?

Abnormal test suggestive of?

A
  • W/ an object stroke to lateral aspect of sole from heel to the ball of the foot.
  • Normal response should be plantar
  • Dorsiflexion of big toe and fanning of toes is positive and suggestive of UMN dysfunction
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17
Q

Inflammation in the subarachnoid space causes resistance to movement that stretches nerves, which for nuchal rigidity?

Brudzinski’s sign?

Kernig’s sign?

A
  • Nuchal rigidity = spinal nerves
  • Brudzinski’s sign = femoral nerve
  • Kernig’s sign = sciatic nerve
18
Q

What is a positive Brudzinski’s Sign?

A

Hips and knees flex as pt’s neck is flexed

19
Q

What is a positive Kernig’s Sign?

A

Pain and increases resistance to extending the knee

20
Q

Shoulder abduction with the deltoid is what nerve root?

A

C5

21
Q

Dorsiflexion of the ankle is primarily what muscle and nerve root?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • L4, L5
22
Q

Hypertonia and hyperreflexia are seen in what type of nerve damage?

A

UMN

23
Q

A pyramidal pattern of weakness (weak extensors in arms and weak flexors in legs) seen in what kind of damage?

Test for this kind of damage?

A
  • UMN
  • Pronator drift: arms held extended for up to 2 minutes, arm drifts down and supinates
24
Q

Sensory dermatome of the shoulder?

A

C4

25
Q

Sterognosis

A

Ability to identify shapes of objects, or recognizing objects placed in the hand

26
Q

Graphesthesia

A

Ability to identify numbers written on the palm

27
Q

Clonus is a abnormal sign indicating?

A

UMN sign

28
Q

Anal wink reflex is what nerve roots and is useful in testing for?

A

S2-S4

Cauda Equina or lesions that affect sacral region

29
Q

The cremasteric reflex tests what afferent and efferent component?

A

Afferent: L1

Efferent: L2

30
Q

Nystagmus, vertigo, vomiting, postural impairment, disequilibrium are all part of what system?

A

Vestibular

31
Q

Dysmetria, dydiadichokinesia, ataxia, intention tremor, slurred speech, asthenia are due to what system?

A

Cerebellar

32
Q

Spastic paralysis/paresis, hyperreflexia, hypertonia, babinksi are all signs of what system?

A

Pyramidal

33
Q

Dyskinesia and resting tremor are signs of what system?

A

Extrapyramidal

34
Q

Hemi-dysasthesia, hemiplegia, hemiparesis, apraxia, aphasia, cognitive/behavioral are all part of what system?

A

Cortical

35
Q

Finger-to-nose tests for?

A

Dysmetria/dysataxia of voluntary movements (cerebellar)

36
Q

Scissoring gate is often seen in?

A

Cerebral palsy or MS

37
Q

Sensory ataxia is what type of gait?

Seen in?

A
  • High steppage, broad based
  • Seen with posterior column damage and peripheral neuropathy
38
Q

Magnetic gait seen in what diseases?

A

Frontal lobe processes and hydrocephalus

39
Q

Hemiplegic gait is usually due to?

A

UMN such as stroke

40
Q

Waddling pelvis usually indicates?

A

Myopathic disease (myopathy) - hips sway or “waddle” in a side to side type fashion

PCM II Exam II (6 decks)

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