Lecture 1: Joint Exam Review Flashcards
What are the 2 tests for GH instability?
Apprehension: pt seated or supine w/ shoulder abducted to 90 and elbow flexed to 90. Force arm into ER
Sulcus sign: Grasp pts elbow and apply inferior traction (pull shoulder down using their elbow)
What are the 2 tests for bicipital tendon pathology?
Yergason Test: pt’s arm at side w/ elbow flex at 90. Palpate bicipital groove and monitor. Other hand grasps patients wrist and have pt try to supinate and ER against your resistance
Speed’s Test: pt’s arm flexed 50° at shoulder with hand supinated. Flex pt’s elbow to 15° and resist at forear while pt forward flexes shoulder
What are the tests for Rotator Cuff pathology; which is specific for subacromial bursa and which for supraspinatus m.?
Neer impingement: stabilize pts shoulder and passively flex shoulder to fully flexed position (tests for SUBACROMIAL BURSA)
Hawkin’s Test: flex arm and elbow to 90°. Passively rotate the humerus into IR
Empty Can Test: elevate pt’s arm to 90° and IR. Press down on forearms while pt resists (specifically tests SUPRASPINATUS m.)
What is the test for a ful thickness tear of Supraspinatus muscle?
Drop-Arm test: pt abducts arm to 90° . Then slowly drop arm.
How do we test for medial versus lateral epicondylitis of the elbow?
Medial (Golfer’s elbow test): pt’s elbow flexed to 90° and forearm is supinated. Doc places one hand under the proximal forearm to stabilize and the other hand over pt’s wrist to resist movement as pt tries to flex wrist against resistance
Lateral (Tennis elbow test): pt’s elbow flexed to 90° and forearm is pronated. Doc places one hand under prox. forearm to stabilize and other hand over the pts hand to resist as pt tries to extend wrist against resistance
How do we test for Ulnar nerve entrapment?
- Tap between the Olecranon and medial epicondyle in ulnar groove
- Tingling down forearm = + test
What are the tests for median nerve entrapment or carpal tunnel syndrome?
Tinel’s sign at wrist: tap over area between thenar/hypothenar eminence. Numbness/tingling/pain radiating to thumb, index or middle finger = postiive test
Phalen’s Sign: place dorsal aspect of pt’s hands together and force into wrist flexion. Hold for 60 secs. Any reproduction of symptoms is (+) test
What are the tests for an anterior labral pathology (central compartment) of the hip?
Scour: flex and ER pt’s hip. Load into socket and articulate through annular range of motion (omega sign)
Apprehension (FABER I): Pt’s hip is flexed, ABducted and ER. Doctor induces further ER by applying a posterior force at knee
What are the tests for the peripheral compartment of hip, specifically Rectus Femoris?
Ely’s Test: Pt is prone. Passively flex pt’s knee. (+) test is ipsilateral hip raising off table
Rectus Femoris Test: Pt is supine. One hip is flexed up to the chest. The other leg bent over the edge of table. (+) test is knee flexion <90° for leg hanging off table.
What test for IT band (lateral compartment)?
Ober’s Test: Pt is LR w/ doc standing behind the pt. Doc abducts the top leg and then lower’s leg off side of table while stabilizing hip. (+) test is inability to ADduct
What test for trochanteric bursitis (lateral compartment)?
Jump sign: pt is seated, pressure is applied to greater trochanter. (+) test is pt withdrawing or “jumps” with pressure
What is the test for Piriformis muscle (lateral compartment)?
- Piriformis Test: Pt is supine with hip and knee flexed, one ankle crossed over contralateral knee. Pt ABducts against resistance.
- (+) test is pain over posterior aspect of greater trochanter
What 2 tests for gluteus medius pathology (lateral compartment)?
Trendelenburg: pt standing w/ doc behind. Pt lifts one foot off ground. Look for hip drop.
Patrick’s (FABER): pt’s hip is flexed, ABducted, and ER. Doc braces contralateral ASIS, pt ER/ABducts against resistance.
How do we test the anterior compartment of hip (iliopsoas vs. hip flexor pathology)?
Patricks (FABER): Pt’s hip is flexed, ABducted and ER. Doc braces contralateral ASIS. Pt IR/ADducts against resistance. Anterior/medial groin pain = iliopsoas problem
Thomas Test: pt is supine and pulls knee to chest. One leg is lowered to the table to test the flexibility of hip flexors. Inability to fully extend hip = hip flexor pathology
What are the 2 tests for meniscus pathology at the knee?
Apley compression (grind) test: pt prone w/ knee flexed to 90°. Doc uses downward force on the foot to provide a compressive force on the meniscus while rotating the foot internally and externally. Pain = (+) = Meniscal injury, collateral lig. or both
Apley Distraction test: pt prone w/ knee flexed to 90°. Doc uses upward pulling force on the foot to provid a distraction on the meniscus while rotating the foot internally and externally. Pain = (+) = collateral lig. damage
Test for achilles tendon rupture?
Thompson test = pt prone with foot off table. Doc squeezes the calf. (+) test = absence of plantar flexion
Test for DVT/acute venous thrombosis?
Homan’s sign: Pt laying or seated w/ leg extended. Doc dorsilfexes the foot and squeezes the calf
(+) test = pain with dorsiflexion and squeezing
