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Mycology and Virology > Lecture: Introduction to Virology > Flashcards

Lecture: Introduction to Virology Flashcards

1
Q

Is virus cellular or acellular?

A

Acellular

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2
Q

Diameter range of viruses

A

20 nm to 450 nm

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3
Q

What type of microscope can view a virus?

A

Transmission electron microscope

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4
Q

What is shown when you view a virus in a Bright-field microscope?

A

Effect of the virus

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5
Q

Viruses are incapable of metabolism, growth, and reproduction. They also only replicate inside the cells, therefore they are?

A

Obligate intracellular parasites

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6
Q

Can a virus contain both DNA and RNA?

A

No, either DNA or RNA only

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7
Q

Viruses have cell walls, cell membranes, or cellular organelles. True or False?

A

False, they do not have cellular structure

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8
Q

Known as the complete structure/infective form of a virus

A

Virions

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9
Q

Viruses lack the enzyme for protein and nucleic acid synthesis. True or False?

A

True

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10
Q

Are viruses prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

A

Neither

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11
Q

All viruses have envelopes, but not all have capsids. True or False?

A

False, all viruses have capsids but not all have envelopes

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12
Q

A virus without an envelope is called?

A

Naked Virus

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13
Q

Responsible for the introduction of viral nucleic acid into a suitable host cell

A

Viral attachment protein

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14
Q

Formed when the viral particle carries off a part of the host cell’s membrane

A

Envelope

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15
Q

Which is more susceptible to environmental conditions, Naked or Enveloped?

A

Enveloped. Naked viruses are more resistant to environmental conditions

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16
Q

Protein spikes protruding through the envelope from the capsid

A

Spikes / Peplomers

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17
Q

Outer protective shell; protect genetic material of virus; most prominent geometric feature

A

Capsid

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18
Q

Capsids are composed of identical protein subunits known as

A

Capsomeres

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19
Q

Three Major Capsid Structures

A

Helical
Icosahedral
Complex

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20
Q

Double-stranded DNA viruses are what class?

A

Class I

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21
Q

Single-stranded DNA viruses are what class?

A

Class II

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22
Q

Double-stranded RNA viruses are what class?

A

Class III

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23
Q

Positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses are what class?

A

Class IV

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24
Q

Negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses are what class?

A

Class V

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25
Q

RNA viruses that reverse transcribe (HIV) are what class?

A

Class VI

26
Q

DNA viruses that reverse transcribe (HBV) are what class?

A

Class VII

27
Q

Class IV starts with an mRNA which proceeds to translation and production of viral proteins. True or False?

A

True

28
Q

Class V also starts with mRNA then is converted to complementary mRNA then translation and production of proteins. True or False?

A

False, Class V starts with a complementary mRNA being converted into mRNA which proceeds to translation and production of proteins

29
Q

Class VI uses reverse transcription when RNA from central dogma needs to be transcribed into DNA to infect more cells. True or False?

A

False, it is Class VII that uses that kind of process for RT

30
Q

Class VII uses reverse transcription to become DNA and join central dogma via entering the nucleus. True or False?

A

False, it is Class VI that uses that kind of process for RT

31
Q

Ending of -virales is what order of taxonomy?

A

Orders

32
Q

Ending of -viridae is what order of taxonomy?

A

Family

33
Q

Ending with -virinae is what order of taxonomy?

A

Subfamily

34
Q

Ending with -virus is what order of taxonomy?

A

Genera

35
Q

The correct chronological order of viral replication?

A

Attachment - Penetration - Uncoating - Synthesis/Replication - Assembly - Maturation - Release

36
Q

What step is skipped when a bacteriophage is infecting a cell?

A

Uncoating

37
Q

Live-Attenuated vaccines have?

A

Weakened organism

38
Q

Inactivated vaccines have?

A

Killed/dead organism

39
Q

One or more purified components of a pathogen is contained in what vaccine?

A

Subunit

40
Q

Bacterial toxins that have been chemically inactivated so that they are not pathogenic is in what vaccine?

A

Toxoid

41
Q

Purified Component Vaccine is composed of what?

A

Biochemically purified components of a microorganism

42
Q

Polysaccharide Vaccine is composed of what?

A

Biochemically purified polysaccharide from bacterial capsule

43
Q

Protein produced by genetically-modified non-pathogenic bacteria, yeast or other cells is contained in what vaccine?

A

Recombinant

44
Q

Circular single-stranded RNA with some pairing between base and loops where no such pairing occurs

A

Viroids

45
Q

Misfolded proteins that affect CNS

A

Prions

46
Q

Baltimore Classification System classifies viruses based on their?

A

Type of nucleic acid genome
Replication strategy of the virus

47
Q

What examples of viruses have complex capsid structure?

A

Poxviruses
Bacteriophage

48
Q

Drugs that disrupts the uncoating?

A

Amantadine
Rimantadine

49
Q

Drug that inhibits attachment?

A

Maraviroc

50
Q

Drugs that inhibit viral replication?

A

INF-alpha
Ribavirin

51
Q

Drugs that inhibits reverse transcriptase?

A

ddl
ABC
3TC
d4T
ddC
FTC
TDF

52
Q

Drugs that inhibit proteases?

A

Indinavir
Nelfinavir
Ritonavir
Saquinavir

53
Q

Drugs that inhibit DNA polymerase?

A

Acyclovir
Cidofovir
Famciclovir
Ganciclovir
Valacyclovir

54
Q

Drugs that inhibits DNA synthesis/DNA base catalogue?

A

Idoxuridine
Trifluridine

55
Q

Drug that inhibits adenosine catalog?

A

Remdesivir

56
Q

Drugs that are active against chronic HBV?

A

Lamivudine
Adefovir

57
Q

Drugs that inhibits/disrupts release?

A

Oseltamivir
Zanamivir
Peramivir

58
Q

Drugs that inhibits/disrupts penetration?

A

Enfuvirtide
Docosanol

59
Q

HIV integrase inhibitors

A

Raltegravir
Elvitegravir
Dolutegravir

60
Q

ICTV means?

A

International Committee on Taxonomy of Virus

Mycology and Virology (3 decks)

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