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Mycology and Virology > Introduction to Mycology > Flashcards

Introduction to Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Cell wall of fungi is made up of?

A

Chitin

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2
Q

__ is found in the cell membrane of fungi

A

Ergosterol

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3
Q

Spores of fungi are used for?

A

Reproduction

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4
Q

Unicellular that thrives in human temperature

A

Yeast

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5
Q

Filamentous in nature and thrives in room temperature

A

Molds

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6
Q

Differential medium for yeast morphology

A

Cornmeal agar

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7
Q

Yeast produce asexually by _ formation

A

Blastoconidia

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8
Q

Yeast produce sexually by the formation of _ or _

A

Ascospore
Basidiospore

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9
Q

Medically-important yeast and yeast-like organisms

A

Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Deuteromycota

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10
Q

Produce fluffy, cottony, woolly, or powdery colonies; filamentous fungi

A

Molds

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11
Q

Basic structural unit of molds

A

Hyphae

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12
Q

As the hyphae grow, they intertwine to form a loose network known as _

A

Mycelium

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13
Q

Specialized type of hyphae that is swollen and has branching tips

A

Antler hyphae

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14
Q

Other term for Non-septate Hyphae

A

Coenocytic

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15
Q

Specialized type of hyphae that is enlarged and has club-shaped areas

A

Racquet

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16
Q

Specialized type of hyphae that are root-like structures

A

Rhizoids

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17
Q

Specialized type of hyphae that are tightly-coiled

A

Spiral

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18
Q

Specialized type of hyphae with comb-like lateral projections

A

Pectinate

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19
Q

Hyphae that is divided by partitions

A

Septate Hyphae

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20
Q

Hyphae that is hollow and multinucleated; without partitions

A

Non-Septate / Coenocytic

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21
Q

Non-pigmented or lightly-pigmented hyphae is known as _ / _

A

Hyaline
Moniliaceous

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22
Q

Darkly pigmented hyphae due to the presence of melanin in the cell wall

A

Phaeoid
Dematiaceous

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23
Q

Special stains used for Phaeoid / Dematiaceous Hyphae

A

Gomori Methylene stain
Masson Fontana stain

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24
Q

Portion of mycelium that projects above the substrate and produces spores

A

Aerial

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25
Q

Portion of mycelium that penetrates the substrate and absorbs food

A

Vegetative

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26
Q

Grow partially as yeast and partially as elongated cells resembling hyphae such as Candida albicans

A

Yeast-like

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27
Q

Presence of a constriction at the junction of adjacent cells

A

Pseudohyphae

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28
Q

Dimorphic Fungi exhibits a _ form in the host tissue and in vitro at _

A

Yeast
37 degrees Celsius

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29
Q

Dimorphic Fungi exhibits a _ form in vitro at _

A

Mycelial
25 degrees Celsius

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30
Q

Systemic Dimorphic Fungi

A

Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
Paracoccidioides braziliensis

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31
Q

Opportunistic Dimorphic Fungi

A

Penicillium marneffei

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32
Q

Subcutaneous Dimorphic Fungi

A

Sporothrix schenchkii

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33
Q

Coccidioides differs from other dimorphic fungi in form in 37 degrees Celsius as it exhibits what form?

A

Spherule

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34
Q

Type of spore that is formed by two compatible haploid nuclei that are brought together in the same cell

A

Sexual Spores

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35
Q

Type of spore that is formed by mitosis, generally are resistant to adverse growth conditions

A

Asexual Spores

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36
Q

Spores produced in a sac-like structure

A

Ascospore

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37
Q

_ - Club-shaped structure; formed externally on the tip of a pedestal called a _

A

Basidiospore
Basidium

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38
Q

Spores resulting from the fusion of cells from 2 different hyphae

A

Oospores

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39
Q

Thick-walled spores formed when 2 sexually-compatible hyphae fuse together; spores resulting from the fusion of identical hyphae

A

Zygospores

40
Q

Two Types of Asexual Spores

A

Thallospores (Vegetative)
Aerial Spores

41
Q

Thallospores that either have intercalary, sessile, or terminal knot

A

Chlamydospores

42
Q

Thallospores that are thick-walled; in chains

A

Arthrospores

43
Q

Thallospores that are budding

A

Bastospore

44
Q

Types of Aerial Spores

A

Conidiaspores
Macro/Micronidia
Sporongiospores

45
Q

Vase-shaped phialides conidia

A

Phialophora

46
Q

Long, branching chains of conidia formed on elongated conidiophores

A

Cladosporium

47
Q

Short-branched chains of elliptical conidia

A

Rhinocladiella

48
Q

Short, branching chains with cell budding

49
Q

Zygospores are commonly observed in

A

Zygomycetes

50
Q

Ascospores are commonly observed in

A

Aspergillus

51
Q

Basidiospores are commonly observed in

A

Cryptococcus

52
Q

Arthrospores are commonly observed in

A

Coccidioides
Trichosporon

53
Q

Blastospore are commonly observed in

54
Q

Chlamydospores are specifically observed in

A

Candida albicans

55
Q

Conidiospores or conidia are commonly observed in

A

Aspergillus

56
Q

Sporangiospores are commonly observed in

A

Zygomycetes

57
Q

Microconidia and Macroconidia are commonly observed in

A

Dermatophytes
Fusarium

58
Q

4 Phyla based on Sexual Spore Formation

A

Glomeromycota
Ascomycota
Blasidiomycota
Deuteromycota

59
Q

Glomeromycota and Deuteromycota are also known as _ and _

A

Zygomycetes
Fungi Imperfecta

60
Q

A broad, non-septate hyphae such as Rhizopus, Absidia, Mucor

A

Zygomycetes

61
Q

Sexual Spores of Zygomycetes

A

Zygospores

62
Q

Asexual Spores of Zygomycetes

A

Sporangiospores

63
Q

Ascomycetes produce _ sexually and _ asexually

A

Ascospores
Conidia

64
Q

Microsporum spp.
Tricophyton spp.
Pseduallescheria boydii

are of what phyla?

A

Ascomycetes

65
Q

Fungi that reproduce sexually through the formation of basidiospores

A

Basidiomycota

66
Q

A commonly known example of basidiomycota

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

67
Q

Sexual state is either absent or unidentified yet; characterized by asexual reproductive structures (conidia)

A

Deuteromycota

68
Q

Coccidioides immitis
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Candida albicans

are of what phyla?

A

Deuteromycota

69
Q

Confined to the outermost layer skin and hair with symptoms of discoloration, scaling or abnormal skin pigmentation

A

Superficial Mycoses

70
Q

Tinea versicolor is caused by?

A

Malassezia furfur

71
Q

Tinea nigra is caused by?

A

Hortaea werneckii

72
Q

White Piedra is caused by?

A

Trichosporon spp

73
Q

Black Piedra is caused by?

A

Piedraia hortae

74
Q

Affect the keratinized layer of the skin, hair, or nails. Symptoms of these infections include itching, scaling or ring-like patches (ringworm) of the skin; brittle or broken hairs; thick discolored nails

A

Cutaneous Mycoses

75
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses that infect skin and hair

A

Microsporum spp.

76
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses that infect skin and nail

A

Epidermophyton spp.

77
Q

Cutaneous Mycoses that infect skin, hair and nail

A

Trichophyton spp.

78
Q

Affect the deeper layers of the skin, including muscle and connective tissue; infections do not usually disseminate to the blood to the different organs

A

Subcutaneous Infections

79
Q

Sporotrichosis is caused by?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

80
Q

Mycetoma is caused by?

A

Pseudallescheria boydii

81
Q

Dematiaceous / phaeoid fungi with sclerotic bodies causes what?

A

Chromoblastomycosis

82
Q

Dematiaceous / phaeoid fungi without sclerotic bodies causes what?

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

83
Q

Rhinosporidiosis is caused by?

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi

84
Q

Affect the lungs and can disseminate to internal organs of the deep tissues of the body

A

Systemic Mycoses

85
Q

Histoplasmosis Agent

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

86
Q

Blastomycosis Agent

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

87
Q

Coccidioidomycosis Agents

A

C. immitis
C. posadasii

88
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis Agent

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

89
Q

Ordinarily, do not cause any disease, but given a chance, they can infect people

A

Opportunistic Mycoses

90
Q

Candidiasis is caused by?

A

Candida albicans

91
Q

Cryptococcosis is caused by?

A

C. neoformans

92
Q

Zygomycosis is caused by?

A

Zygomycota (Aseptate fungi)

93
Q

Aspergillosis is caused by?

A

Aspergillus spp.

94
Q

Penicilliosis is caused by?

A

Penicillium marneffei

95
Q

Pneumocystis is caused by?

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

96
Q

Fusariosis is caused by?

Mycology and Virology (4 decks)

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