Lecture Info

Question 1

What three bones make up the innominate?

Answer 1

Ilium- superior portion and largest

Ischium- inferior and posterior

Pubis- inferior and anterior

Question 2

List major palpable landmarks of the innominate

Answer 2

Iliac crest
ASIS
AIIS
Pubic Tubercle
PSIS
PIIS

Question 3

What are the 4 major pelvic ligaments and what do they connect

Answer 3

Iliolumbar- ilia to L5

Sacrospinous- sacrum to ischial spine

Sacrotuberous- sacrum to ischial tuberosity

Sacroiliac- covers most of sacroiliac joint

Question 4

What are the functions of the iliolumbar ligament

Answer 4

Stabalize L5

Restrict anterior and rotary motion of L5

Question 5

What muscle is a part of the sacrospinous ligament?

Answer 5

Coccygeus muscle

Question 6

What muscle and tendon attaches at the sacrotuberous ligament?

Answer 6

Sacrotuberous ligament

Gluteus maximus attachment

Tendon of the biceps femoris attachment

Question 7

What 3 accessory ligaments make up the sacroiliac ligament?

Answer 7

Sacroiliac Ligament

• anterior/ventral sacroiliac
• interosseous sacroiliac
• dorsal sacroiliac

Question 8

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis classified as?

Answer 8

Secondary cartilaginous joint- fibrocartilagenous joint

Question 9

What are the 5 major muscle groups of the pelvis?

Answer 9

Hip flexors
External rotators
Adductors
Abductors
Hip Extensors

Question 10

What are the 2 major hip flexors and what are the 2 accessory hip flexors?

Answer 10

Major Flexors

• Iliacus
• Psoas

Minor Flexors

• Rectus Femoris
• Sartorius

Question 11

What are the 4 hip extensors?

Answer 11

Hip Extensors

• hamstrings (semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris)
• gluteus maximus

Question 12

What are the 3 major adductors of the pelvis?

Answer 12

Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis

Question 13

Where do all adductor muscles attach?

Answer 13

Pubic ramus and medial/posterior femur

Question 14

What are the 3 hip abductors?

Answer 14

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia lata

Question 15

What are the 6 hip external rotators?

Answer 15

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Obturator externus
Gemellus superior and inferior
Quadratus femoris

Question 16

What muscle contracting can cause sciatica?

Answer 16

Piriformis

Question 17

What are major anatomical landmarks of the pelvis?

Answer 17

Sacral sulci

Inferior lateral angles (ILA)

Question 18

Why does the sacrum sit anteriorly?

Answer 18

Angle of sacroiliac joint prevents post movement

Dorsal sacroiliac ligaments are stronger than anterior sacroiliac ligaments which prevents sacrum from moving posteriolry

Question 19

Which two ligaments stabalize and prevent posterior and superior rotation of the sacral apex?

Answer 19

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous

Question 20

What is the definition of muscle energy?

Answer 20

A form of OMT where patients muscles are actively used on request, from a precisely controlled position, in a specific direction, and against a distinctly executed counterforce

Muscle energy is a direct and active technique

Question 21

What type of movement occurs due to muscle energy?

Answer 21

Isometric- no movement, muscle remain the same length

Question 22

What are contraindications of muscle energy?

Answer 22

Open wounds
Broken bones
Uncooperative patients
Severe pain in muscle being used

Question 23

Explain the golgi tendon reflex

Answer 23

Mechanoreceptors in tendons that detect degree of skeletal muscle tension and relay the info to the CNS that results in reflex relaxation

Question 24

What is HVLA?

Answer 24

HVLA is a direct passive technique that moves the joint in the direction of the restrictive barrier by applying a high velocity low amplitude thrust