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NRC 170 First Exam > Lecture IA: General Introduction > Flashcards

Lecture IA: General Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

define

topographically delineated area drained by a river system with a single outlet

A

watershed

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2
Q

a watershed is a land area drained by a ________ or fixed body of water and its ________ having a common outlet for _________ ___-___.

A

a watershed is a land area drained by a stream or fixed body of water and its tributaries having a common outlet for surface run-off

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3
Q

classification of watersheds (sizes)

A
  • micro catchment/catchment (less than 1,000 ha)
  • small watersheds (1,000 ha to 10,000 ha)
  • medium scale watershed (10,000 ha to 50,000)
  • large scale watershed (50,000 ha to 100,000 ha)
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4
Q

true or false

a small watershed has an area of more than 10,000 ha to 50,000 ha

A

false

a MEDIUM watershed has an area of more than 10,000 ha to 50,000 ha

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5
Q

fill in the blanks

a large scale watershed has an area above ____ ha

A

a large scale watershed has an area above 50,000 ha

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6
Q

true or false

a small watershed has an areas of 10,000 ha and below

A

true

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7
Q

true or false

watershed is a natural landscape

A

true

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8
Q

true or false

a watershed has natural boundaries and dictated by law

A

false

a watershed has natural boundaries and not dictated by law

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9
Q

main function of a watershed

A

capture rainwater ideally for storage underground

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10
Q

fill in the blank

unstored rainwater are drained by streams through one outlet draining to a ____ (larger/smaller) watershed or to a lake, wetland, or sea

A

unstored rainwater are drained by streams through one outlet draining to a larger watershed or to a lake, wetland, or sea

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11
Q

true or false

one whole watershed is one that drains to a larger watershed

A

false

one whole watershed is one that drains to directly to the sea

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12
Q

what are the different barriers that separates adjacent watersheds?

A
  • ridge
  • hill
  • mountains
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13
Q

identification

topographic boundary or barriers such as a ridge, hill or mountain that separates adjacent watershed

A

divide

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14
Q

true or false

rainwater falling in one watershed can cross over two adjacent watersheds

A

false

theoretically, it cannot cross over to adjacent watersheds

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15
Q

identification

geologic divide that partitions water penetrating the ground surface

A

phreatic divide

also known as subsurface boundary

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16
Q

identification

estimating the water balance requires the knowledge of the?

A

phreatic divide

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17
Q

all streams from all subwatersheds flow into the____ that carries all water to the outlet

A

mainstream

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18
Q

types of streams

A
  1. ephemeral (when it rains)
  2. intermittent (rainy season)
  3. perennial (all year)
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19
Q

type of streams

have water only when it is raining

A

ephemeral streams

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20
Q

type of streams - true or false

intermittent streams have water all year round

A

false

intermittent streams does not have water all year round

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21
Q

type of streams

streams that have water only during rainy or wet season

A

intermittent streams

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22
Q

a subwatershed has a single unbranched stream called the?

A

a subwatershed has a single unbranched stream called the first order stream

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23
Q

a watershed is made up of many smaller watersheds called?

A

a watershed is made up of many smaller watersheds called subwatersheds

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24
Q

true or false

a subwatershed drains it water to the larger watershed

A

true

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25
the smallest subwatershed is one that has only ____ _______ ____
the smallest subwatershed is one that has only **one unbranched stream**
26
# true or false unbranched stream called first order streams has other streams feeding it
false | unbranched streams has no other streams feeding it
27
# true or false a catchment is a watershed that has less than 5,000 ha
false | a catchment has less than 1,000 ha
28
# true or false micro catchments having similarities in area, topo, and land cover will behave differently
false | they will behave similarly
29
the ____ (smaller/larger) the watershed, the more sensitive it is to changes in climate, land cover and use, and other human acts
the **smaller** the watershed, the more sensitive it is to changes in climate, land cover and use, and other human activities
30
watersheds with area of less than 100,000 ha are called?
river basins
31
these types of watersheds are sources of water for irrigation, hydroelectric power generation
river basins
32
it is the largest watershed in the PH with almost 3m ha in area
cagayan river basin
33
cagayan river basin is covered in large proportions by how many provinces?
cagayan river basin is covered in large proportions by **8 provinces**
34
the **cagayan river basin** is bounded by 3 largest mountain ranges in the country ____ in the east caraballo in the south ____ in the west
the cagayan river basin is bounded by 3 largest mountain ranges in the country **sierra madre** in the east **caraballo** in the south **cordillera** in the west
35
a river basin where most of its **subwatersheds drain to lake Lanao** which then **drains to iligan bay**
agus river basin
36
the agus river basin is mostly inside?
the agus river basin is mostly inside **ARRMM**
37
this river basin supplies water to cagayan de oro
**tagoloan river** **basin** supplies water to cagayan de oro
38
this river basin drains to cagayan de oro bay
**tagoloan river basin** drains to cagayan de oro bay
39
this river basin straddles 3 bicol provinces
the **bicol river basin** straddles 3 bicol provincesbicol river basin
40
the bicol river basin has less than __% forest cover
10% forest cover
41
the **bicol river basin** perennially suffer from?
severe flooding
42
# true or false the tagoloan river basin drains to san miguel bay
false | it is not the tagoloan river basin, but the bicol river basin rather
43
more than __% of total land area of PH are watersheds
more than **90%** of total land area of PH are watersheds
44
# true or false a town or city can only fall into a one watershed
false | a town or city can be subdivided into various watersheds
45
a town in quezon that is subdivided into various watersheds
general nakar
46
most provinces are subdivided in watersheds of various sizes
true
47
# true or false the quezon province is the first province that adopted watershed as unit for LCCAP and DRRMP preparation
false | it's the aurora province that adopted watershed unit for LCCAP and DRRMP
48
the province of ____ is the first province that adopted watersheds as unit for preparing CLUPS and Provinsial Physical Framework Plan
lanao del norte
49
# true or false big watersheds are usually found inland
true
50
small watersheds are usually found where?
usually along or near the **coastline**
51
# true or false many watersheds are shared by several LGUs, their same priorities for development enables ease in watershed management
false | LGUs do not have same priorities for development
52
what are the primary tasks of a watershed manager?
- maximize amount of rainwater stored underground - maintain desired quality and quantity of streamflow
53
two types of water resources in a watershed
1. surface water 2. groundwater
54
# two types of water resources in a watershed refers to water stored below ground surface
groundwater
55
# two types of water resources in a watershed - true or false surface water refers to all water accumulating on the ground surface
true
56
global water is composed of __%: seawater __%: freshwater
global water is composed of **97%**: seawater **3%**: freshwater
57
only 13% of freshwater is accessible, which amounts to only about ____% of the total global water resources
only 13% of freshwater is accessible, which amounts to only about **0.4%** of the total global water resources
58
# true or false a watershed consists of **interconnected ecosystems** that provide many ecosystem **services**, a **change in one** ecosystem will **trigger** **changes in other ecosystems**
true
59
manager makes sure that changes in watershed do not have serious impacts on?
manager makes sure that changes in watershed **do not have serious impacts** on: **- soil - water - biodiversity**
60
interconnected ecosystems usually in a watershed
- primary forest - secondary forest - agroforestry - grassland - agriculture - lakes - rural - urban - mangrove and coastal - marine
61
interconnectivities of ecosystems from forest to the communities downstream
- energy flow and nutri cycles - transport of sediments/soil materials - transport of products and raw materials - flow and cycle of water - transport of pollutants - dispersal of genetic materials, pests and diseases - mobility of people
62
importance of watershed (what are the ecosystem goods and services it provides?)
1. goods (provisioning services) 2. regulating services 3. cultural services 4. supporting services | GpRCS - importance
63
# importance of watershed examples of goods (provisioning services)
- food, fibers and fuel - freshwaters - genetic resources - biochemicals
64
# importance of watershed examples of regulating services
- invasion resistance - herbivory - pollination - seed dispersal - pest and disease regulation - climate regulation - natural hazard protection - water purification ## Footnote PSPHI - climhazpuri
65
# importance of watershed examples of cultural services
- spiritual and religious values - knowledge system - education and inspiration - recreation and aesthetic values
66
# importance of watershed examples are supporting services
- primary production - provision of habitat - nutrient cycling - soil formation and retention - production and retention - production of atmospheric oxygen - water cycling
67
challenges that makes watershed management a difficult task
- demands for - water - other watershed resources/goods - competition for land use - differences in development priorities/plans
68
ecosystems in a watershed are interconnected by natural and human-induced processes if human activities are not regulated, the ____ are altered and ____ intensify causing disruptions of the normal ecosystem functions
ecosystems in a watershed are interconnected by natural and human-induced processes if human activities are not regulated, the **human activities**are altered and **human-induced activities** intensify causing disruptions of the normal ecosystem functions

NRC 170 First Exam (5 decks)

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